Show:
Carbohydrate Digestion, Absorption, Distribution
Glycogenesis/Glycogenolysis
Glycolysis
Random
100

Glycogen can be found in our skeletal muscle tissues and blood

  1. True 

  2. False



False; primarily found in the muscles and liver

100

What is the primary enzyme of glycogenolysis?

a. Branching Enzyme

b. Glycogen Synthase

c. Glycogenin

d. Glycogen Phosphorylase

d. Glycogen Phosphorylase

100

Which of the following is not a product of glycolysis?

  1. 2 pyruvate

  2. 1 FADH

  3. 2 NADH

  4. 2 ATP

  • 1 FADH

100

Fill in the blank.

The net ATP yield of glycolysis is 

The net ATP yield of oxidative phosphorylation is



glycolysis - 2

oxidative phosphorylation - 32-36

200

What enzyme begins the breakdown of starch digestion in the mouth

  1. Alpha-dextrinase

  2. Lactase

  3. Alpha-amylase

  4. Sucrase

Alpha-amylase

200

What is the primer for glycogenesis?

Glycogenin

200

Which of the following steps in glycolysis  involves an irreversible reaction?

  1. Step 2

  2. Step 5

  3. Step 7

  4. Step 10

Step 10

200

Which of the following proteins is directly responsible for producing cyclic AMP (cAMP) in response to receptor activation?

A) Phospholipase C
B) Adenylyl cyclase
C) Protein kinase A
D) GTPase-activating protein (GAP)

B) Adenylyl cyclase

300

SURPRISE!! It's a cyclic-AMP cascade question

How does the cyclic-AMP cascade affect the rate of glycogenolysis?

DOUBLE: Which of the following answer options BEST describes the sequence of steps in the cyclic AMP (cAMP) cascade for regulating glucose production?

a) Glucagon binds to receptors → adenylate cyclase is inhibited → cAMP levels decrease → protein kinase A (PKA) is activated → glycogenolysis is accelerated.

b) Glucagon binds to receptors → adenylate cyclase is activated → cAMP levels increase → protein kinase A (PKA) is activated → glycogenolysis is accelerated.

c) Insulin binds to receptors → adenylate cyclase is activated → cAMP levels increase → protein kinase A (PKA) is inhibited → glycogenolysis is slowed down. 

d) Lactate stimulates cAMP production → protein kinase A (PKA) is activated → gluconeogenesis is inhibited.

Increases, or speeds it up


DOUBLE: b) Glucagon binds to receptors → adenylate cyclase is activated → cAMP levels increase → protein kinase A (PKA) is activated → glycogenolysis is accelerated.


300

How does exercise affect the rate of glycogenolysis? 

a. increase

b. decrease

c. stays the same)

DOUBLE: What happens to the rate of glycogenesis during exercise?

increase


DOUBLE: decrease, glycogenesis will be inhibited (or turned off) during exercise as there is little need to glycogen building activities

300

Where does the process of mainstream glycolysis take place (meaning where are we in the cell when we end with 2 pyruvate)?

  1. Mitochondria

  2. Cytosol

  3. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 

  4. ribosome


DOUBLE: How is aerobic glycolysis different? And how do we move into the mitochondrial membrane


Cytosol


DOUBLE: Aerobic glycolysis requires oxygen and travels from the cytoplasm into the mitochrondria. We are able to move into the membrane through the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA by decarboxylation.

300

What is the difference in ATP yield between anaerobic glycolysis and aerobic glycolysis?

  1. Anaerobic glycolysis yields 2 ATP, while aerobic glycolysis yields 30 ATP

  2. Anaerobic glycolysis yields 30 ATP, while aerobic glycolysis yields 2 ATP

  3. Both anaerobic and aerobic glycolysis yield the same amount of ATP, which is 15 ATP

  4. There is no difference in ATP yield between anaerobic and aerobic glycolysis


DOUBLE: What happens to the fate of pyruvate during anaerobic glycolysis?


  1. Anaerobic glycolysis yields 2 ATP, while aerobic glycolysis yields 30 ATP


DOUBLE: Gets converted into lactate


400

What is the final end product of carbohydrate digestion and where are they distributed?

Monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, and galactose)


Distributed through blood capillaries to be sent to the liver where it can later be distributed to muscle cells for energy

400

Describe the difference between glycogenesis and glycogenolysis.

glycogenesis - formation of glycogen for storage in liver and muscles


glycogenolysis - breakdown of glycogen to release glucose

400

Explain why the net ATP production of glycolysis is 2.

The net ATP production of glycolysis is 2 because it cancels out the 2 ATP molecules it invested at the start during the payoff phase.  

400

Name the rate limiting enzyme for the Krebs cycle, ETC, and glycolysis. 



Isocitrate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase (complex IV), and PFK

500

What type of proteins help move these sugars into
the cells.

transport proteins

500

Which of the following enzymes is MOST directly involved in glycogenesis?

a) Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase 

b) Phosphofructokinase 

c) Glycogen phosphorylase 

d) Glycogen synthase

d) Glycogen synthase

500

How many NADH's are collected from the Krebs cycle

3 NADH molecules

500

Which hormone is responsible for starting the cyclic-AMP cascade?

Epinephrine