Monosaccharides
Carbohydrates must contain what 3 elements?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
What is the smallest unit of a biomolecule? What is the ____ of carbohydrates?
Monomer. Monosaccharide
What range of monomers make up a oligosaccharide?
3-10
Are polysaccharides a simple or complex sugar?
Complex
In the Benedict's Test, a color change indicated a ___result
positive, glucose was present
What is the carbohydrate ratio?
CH2O
What is the process we use to combine monosaccharides to each other?
Dehydration synthesis/condensation
Where are oligosaccharides found? What are they used for?
Found on the surface of membranes. Used for recognition.
What (2) polysaccharides are found in plants?
Starch & Cellulose
In gel column chromatography, what size/color molecules moved the fastest?
Large, blue
What do we call a carbohydrate with six carbons?
Hexose
The process of taking monosaccharides apart is called ___
hydrolysis
If both the A-type and B-type antigen are present, what is the blood type? Universal donor or universal acceptor?
Type AB blood. Universal acceptor
The structural support in cell walls of fungi and arthropods
Chitin
Glucose homeostasis is the balance of what (2) hormones to maintain normal blood glucose levels?
insulin & glucagon
Are ribose and deoxyribose isomers? Explain why or why not
Not isomers. Different formula and different structures
The covalent bond that joins (2) monosaccharides is called ____
glycosidic link/bond
HMO's are ____ and help babies build up an _____
prebiotics, immune system
What (2) molecules make up starch?
Amylose and Amylopectin
If your blood glucose level rises, what hormone do you produce?
Insulin
What carbonyl is on the end of a carbon chain? What carbonyl is in the middle?
Aldose is on the end. Ketose is in the middle
What (2) monosaccharides make maltose?
What (2) monosaccharides make sucrose?
What (2) monosaccharides make lactose?
1. Glucose + Glucose
2. Glucose + Fructose
3. Glucose + Galactose
HMO's are one of the top 3 components in breast milk. What other carbohydrate makes up a top two component?
Lactose
Cellulose has parallel strands of glucose held together by ____ bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Break down hyper/glyc/em/ia through medical terminology
Hyper = above/excessive
Glyc = sugar
Em = blood
Ia = state/condition