Organic Compounds Basics
Which two elements are required for a molecule to be classified as organic?
Hydrogen and Oxygen
A small building-block molecule that can bond with others to make a large molecule.
Monomer
Which simple sugar is the body’s main source of energy?
Glucose
What is another name for the process dehydration synthesis?
Condensation reaction
What does the suffix “-ose” tell you about a molecule?
Sugar
These are the four major groups of organic molecules in living things.
Carbs, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
This molecule is the monomer for Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
List two main functions of carbohydrates in living organisms.
Structure and quick energy source
What molecule is released when two monosaccharides bond?
Water
What does the suffix “-ase” tell you about a molecule?
Enzyme
What elements make up carbohydrates?
Carbon, hydrogen, Oxygen
A large molecule made up of repeating smaller units.
Polymer
What is the ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in carbohydrates?
1:2:1
A reaction that joins molecules by removing water.
Dehydration Synthesis
What does “poly-” mean?
Many
Give one example of an organic compound found in living organisms.
Any carbs, lipids, proteins, or nucleic acids
Give one example of a polymer made of carbohydrates.
Starch, glycogen, cellulose
Explain why cellulose cannot be easily digested by humans.
Humans lack the enzyme to break down cellulose (cellulase).
A reaction that breaks molecules apart by adding water.
Hydrolysis
Two molecules have the same chemical formula but different structures. What are they called?
Isomer
The type of bond most common in organic compounds.
Covalent Bonds
Give one biological example where polymers are broken into monomers in the human body.
Digestion
What is the general chemical formula for a polysaccharide?
(C₆H₁₀O₅)n
Why are enzymes needed for these reactions?
They speed them up
Give an example of carbohydrate isomers.
Fructose, galactose, glucose
Sucrose, Lactose