Day 1
What does "Carbohydrate" mean?
a chemical substance containing carbon and water
What is a polymer?
Something composed of many monomers, which then creates a macromolecule.
What is a polysaccharide?
10+ monomers attached.
What is an oligosaccharide?
3-10 monosaccharides are attached. Complex.
What is the ratio of C:H:O, and with this, what is the number of oxygen when the number of hydrogen is 8?
C:H:O is equal to the ratio 1:2:1. When hydrogen is 8, the number of oxygen is 4.
Is water an organic molecule? Explain why.
No, it is not because there are no carbons in H2O, and there must be a carbon for it to be considered organic.
What is dehydration synthesis/condensation?
How we attach monosaccharides.
Red blood cells have __ on their surface, which determines blood type.
antigens
Glucose + Glucose =
Maltose
What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?
A monosaccharide
Where is the location of the carbonyl aldose? A ketose?
At the end for an aldose, in the middle for a ketose.
What two carbohydrates make sucrose?
Glucose and fructose.
What is the difference in the appearance of amylose and amylopectin? In which polysaccharide are both present in?
The amylose is a straight chain, or a curly line, and the amylopectin is a branched chain with parts breaking off.
They are both present in starch.
DOUBLE POINTS
What is the universal donor? Universal receiver?
Donor: O
Receiver: AB
What are ALL the terms used for sugar in this chapter?
Saccharide, ose, and glyc.
What is glucose homeostasis?
Glucose homeostasis is the balance of insulin and glucagon to maintain normal blood glucose levels.
What is the difference between a glycosidic linkage/bond and dehydration synthesis?
Dehydration synthesis is the process of linking monosaccharides, while the glycosidic linkage/bond is the bond itself.
Where is glycogen stored? Where it is found?
Stored in the liver and muscles.
Found in animals.
/What is a positive result in the Lugol's test?
Dark blue/black
What is hyperglycemia?
What are two things that help maintain homeostasis, and what do they do?
Two things that help maintain glucose homeostasis are insulin and glucagon.
Insulin regulates glucose by decreasing it, and glucagon regulates glucose by increasing it.
What is hydrolysis? What is used?
The process of taking carbohydrates apart into monosaccharides.
Water is used.
What type of carbohydrate is cellulose?
Polysaccharide
HMO is a p__
prebiotic
What is the difference between peptidoglycan and HMO's?
Peptidoglycan is a polysaccharide and an HMO is an oligosaccharide.