Basics
This monosaccharide is the major monosaccharide in the body and is also known as blood sugar.
What is glucose?
This type of carbohydrate cannot be digested by humans.
What is fiber?
This enzyme in saliva begins the digestion of starch.
What is salivary amylase?
This hormone has the net effect of lowering blood glucose.
What is insulin?
According to the chapter, fruits provide carbohydrates primarily in the form of natural sugar and this.
What is fiber?
This disaccharide is made by bonding glucose and fructose.
What is sucrose?
This type of fiber dissolves or absorbs water and is also called viscous fiber.
What is soluble fiber?
This enzyme breaks maltose into two glucose molecules.
What is maltase?
This pancreatic hormone has the net effect of raising blood glucose.
What is glucagon?
The Dietary Guidelines recommend that at least this fraction of the grains consumed should be whole grains.
What is one-half, or 50%?
Name the three monosaccharides discussed in this chapter.
What are glucose, fructose, and galactose?
This type of fiber does not dissolve in water and increases fecal bulk.
What is insoluble fiber?
Name the enzyme that digests lactose into glucose and galactose.
What is lactase?
During a fight-or-flight response, the adrenal glands release this hormone, which causes liver glycogen to be broken down and raises blood glucose.
What is epinephrine (adrenaline)?
This is the RDA for carbohydrate intake for adults.
What is 130 grams per day?
This polysaccharide is the storage form of carbohydrate in humans and is stored primarily in the liver and muscles.
What is glycogen?
This type of fiber can slow glucose absorption and may help lower blood cholesterol.
What is soluble fiber?
Glucose and galactose generally use this type of absorption process, which requires a specific carrier and energy.
What is active absorption?
A person has a blood glucose concentration above 125 mg per 100 mL of blood. Is this considered hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia?
What is hyperglycemia?
According to the Dietary Guidelines presented in this chapter, what is the upper limit for added sugars as a percentage of total daily calories?
What is 10%?
A carbohydrate contains 4 kcal per gram. How many calories would be provided by 50 grams of carbohydrate?
50 g × 4 kcal/g = 200 kcal
A student increases fiber substantially but does not increase fluid intake. According to the chapter, what problem could result, and why should fluid intake be considered?
What is the need for extra fluid with a high-fiber dietary pattern?
A person has reduced lactase production. Undigested lactose reaches the large intestine where bacteria metabolize it. Name two symptoms that may result.
What are gas, abdominal bloating, cramps, and/or diarrhea?
A student eats a carbohydrate-containing meal. Explain what insulin does to help bring blood glucose back down.
What is promoting glycogen synthesis, increasing glucose uptake by cells, and reducing gluconeogenesis?
A student says, "All carbohydrates cause weight gain, so eliminating carbohydrates is the best way to lose weight." Based on the chapter's Truthful Bites, give two reasons this statement is inaccurate.