Carbohydrate definitions
What is a carbohydrate?
Carbohydrates are polymers made up of the monomers known as monosaccharides.
What is a lipid?
A macromolecule which is mostly nonpolar.
Which monosaccharide reacts with the Benedict's solution?
Glucose
What are monosaccharides?
Monosaccharides are the building blocks of carbohydrates with the simplest formula (CH2O)n
Why are lipids mostly nonpolar?
Lipids contain a reasonable amount of carbon and hydrogen, which have similar electronegativities, resulting in little +or - charge.
Which monosaccharide gives a negative Benedict's solution test?
Fructose
Define a glycosidic bond.
A glycosidic bond is formed between two monosaccharides as a result of dehydration.
Name the lipid which is made up of one glycerol molecule and three fatty acids.
Triglycerides
Why is it so important to break down larger carbohydrates into monosaccharides?
Cells can more easily use monosaccharides.
Predict the name of the enzyme which breaks down the disaccharide maltose.
Maltase....all enzymes end in "ase".....
How are triglycerides formed from a glycerol molecule and three fatty acids?
Dehydration.
Why does glucose dissolve easily in water?
Hydrogen bonding between the glucose and water molecules.
Lactose is a disaccharide made up of the monosaccharides glucose and galactose. Individuals with lactose intolerance takes an enzyme supplement of Lactaid. What does Lactaid accomplish?
The hydrolysis which results in the breakdown of the glycosidic bond between glucose and galactose.
Which part of the triglyceride is more likely to be used as an energy source?
The glycerol portion because it is smaller and more easily incorporated by cells.
Why is starch less compatible with water than a monosaccharide?
Starch has a greater amount of C-H bonds than a monosaccharide.