Carbon
Carbon readily forms ___________ bonds due to its four valence electrons, allowing for stable molecular structures.
covalent
Linking ____________________ monomers results in different types of carbohydrates.
monosaccharide
A linear polysaccharide composed of glucose molecules found in plants and serving as energy storage. Linear molecule consisting of 500 to 20,000 glucose molecules
Amylose
Lipids are non-polar, which means they do not have polar groups and so cannot dissolve in water-based solvents.
Lipids (dissolve or does not dissolve) in organic solvents like ethanol, chloroform, and acetone.
dissolve
Digestion of lipids in the diet initiates in the ______________________ where fatty acids and glycerol are released and absorbed across the intestinal membrane.
small intestine
a carbon atom can form up to ______single bonds or a combination of single and double bonds with other carbon atoms or atoms of other non-metallic elements.
four
___________________ reactions lead to the production of disaccharides or polysaccharides.
condensation
A linear polysaccharide composed of glucose molecules, forming the structural component of plant cell walls.
Cellulose
An ester bond is a type of covalent bond that forms between a carboxyl group (–COOH) of one molecule and a hydroxyl group (–OH) of another molecule. This bond is formed through a condensation reaction, also known as an _________________ reaction.
esterification
Adipose tissue, found primarily under the ________, serves many bodily functions. It acts as a remarkable insulator, protecting against both heat and cold.
skin
Carbon compounds can also form single or multiple rings, providing additional structural diversity. Example: Benzene (C6H6) consists of a ______ ring
single
Disaccharides comprise two monomers, while __________________ comprise long chains of monosaccharide monomers.
polysaccharides
Glycogen is highly branched and acts as energy storage in animals. It is found where?
Liver and muscle cells
a type of lipid are formed by condensation of one glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules.
Triglycerides
The predominant type of adipose tissue in adults. Stores energy in the form of triglycerides. Insulates against cold and cushions organs and it is located under the skin (subcutaneous) and around internal organs (visceral).
White Adipose Tissue (WAT)
Carbon compounds can exhibit branched or unbranched chains depending on the arrangement of carbon atoms.
Example: Alkanes such as methane (CH4) have _______________ chains.
unbranched
What type of reaction is Condensation reaction? Anabolic or Catabolic?
Condensation reactions are ___________, requiring enzymes and producing one water molecule.
anabolic
A branched polysaccharide composed of glucose molecules, also found in plants and serving as energy storage. A branched molecule with over 1 million glucose molecules.
Amylopectin
If the chain contains a single double bond in their hydrocarbon chain, it is known as monosaturated fatty acid.
If the hydrocarbon chain contain two or more double bonds in their chain, it is known as ______________ fatty acid.
polysaturated
Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) contains numerous mitochondria and is rich blood supply. It is specialized for heat production or ______________.
thermogenesis
Carbon compounds can exhibit branched or unbranched chains depending on the arrangement of carbon atoms. Example: Compounds like isobutane (C4H10) feature ______________ chains.
branched
A strong covalent__________________ bond forms between two monomers during condensation, releasing a water molecule.
glycosidic
Chitin is a linear polysaccharide composed of ___________________ units, serving as a structural component in the exoskeletons of arthropods and cell walls of fungi.
N-acetylglucosamine
A phospholipid molecule has two hydrophobic fatty acid tails and a hydrophilic phosphate head. Because they are _____________________ molecules, phospholipids can form bilayers.
amphipathic
Steroid hormones are ____________ molecules, allowing them to pass through cell membranes' phospholipid bilayers. Hint: polarity
non-polar