Carbohydrates & Energy

C

100

equilibrium or balance

homestasis

200

the energy expended or used by a person at rest

REE

300

What are the food exchanges of Carbs

Sugars: table sugar= 4g/tsp; sugar alcohol = 2g/tsp

Starch: 1 exch.= 15g

Fruit: 1 exch.= 15g

Vegetable: 1 exch.= 5g

Milk: 1 exch.= 12g

400

Two monosaccharides liked together form this and what are the three types

Disaccharides

Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose

500

an excess of 10% body weight over an ideal weight

overweight

A

100

What are the building blocks of all CHO and the three types

Monosaccharides 

Glucose, Fructose, Galactose

200

Does not dissolve in water

Insoluble fiber

300

a hormone secreted by the pancreas necessary for the metabolism of blood sugar

insulin

400

What are some effects of excess carbs

Dental caries, Obesity, Irritation of GI tract

500

the form in which carbs are stored in human and animals

glycogen

R

100

What happens when someone fasts

The body starts drawing stored CHO, fats and protein. The metabolism slows down to conserve lean muscle and energy use

200

the breakdown of stored carbohydrates in the liver from glycogen

glycogenolysis

300

Three types of complex carb of CHO and the 3 foods associated

Starches, Glycogen, Fiber

Grains, Legumes, Root vegetables

400

the accumulation of ketone bodies from partly digested fats

ketosis

500

Dissolves in water and forms gels

soluble fiber

B

100

a condition in which the body is deficient in lactase

lactose intolerance 

200

Sometimes called bulk; examples include fresh/raw vegetables and fruit, whole grains, and legumes

How much do we need to take in

Fiber

20-35g/d

300

What is nutrient density and examples of food

Refers to the concentration of nutrients in a food compared with the foods caloric content 

Ex: Cantaloupe, skim milk, and peanut butter

400

a weight greater than 20% of an ideal body weight

obesity

500

Functions of Carbs (5 things)

1.Provides fuel and energy

2. Spares body protein

3. Helps prevent ketosis

4. Enhances learning and memory

5. Fiber promotes normal functioning of lower GI tracts

S

100

Recommended daily intake for CHO and %

130g/d up to age 70, about 100g/d is needed to prevent ketosis

CHO should be 45-65% of total calories/day

200

material in foods, mostly from plants, that the human body cannot break down or digest

fiber

300

When should rapid acting insulin be taken 

15 minutes before eating

400

the ability of one substance to dissolve in another

solubility

500

an elevation of blood sugar; two fasting over 126/dh are diagnostics of diabetes 

hyperglycemia