NUTRIENTS
What are the three macronutrients the body needs in large amounts?
Carbohydrates, protein and fat.
What is the main function of carbohydrates?
To provide energy for the body.
What type of carbohydrate provides quick energy?
Simple carbohydrates (sugars).
What is fibre?
A type of carbohydrate, including non-starch polysaccharides, that helps keep digestion healthy.
How much energy does 1 g of carbohydrate provide?
4 kcal
What are micronutrients?
Nutrients the body needs in small amounts, including vitamins, minerals and trace elements.
Name two foods that are good sources of carbohydrates.
Examples include bread, rice, pasta, fruit and vegetables.
What type of carbohydrate provides slow-release energy?
Complex carbohydrates (starches).
Why is fibre important even though the body cannot digest it?
It helps maintain a healthy digestive system
What is the recommended daily limit for free sugars mentioned in the lesson?
30 g per day.
What is the main difference between macronutrients and micronutrients?
Macronutrients are needed in large amounts and measured in grams; micronutrients are needed in small amounts and measured in milligrams or micrograms.
Which two parts of the body particularly rely on carbohydrates as a key source of fuel?
The brain and muscles.
What are simple carbohydrates made from?
One or two sugar units.
What is the recommended daily fibre intake for adults?
About 30 g per day.
What is a monosaccharide?
A simple carbohydrate made of one sugar unit.
Name two things nutrients help the body do.
Provide energy, support growth, repair the body or maintain health.
What might happen if someone does not consume enough carbohydrates?
They may experience low energy, fatigue and difficulty concentrating.
What are complex carbohydrates made from?
Many sugar units joined together.
Give one source of soluble fibre and one source of insoluble fibre.
Soluble fibre: oats or beans. Insoluble fibre: wholemeal bread or vegetable skins.
What is a disaccharide?
A simple carbohydrate made of two sugar units.
Besides macronutrients and micronutrients, what two other substances does the body need?
Dietary fibre and water.
Explain why eating too many carbohydrates, especially sugary or processed foods, may be harmful.
It can contribute to weight gain and increase the risk of health problems such as obesity, tooth decay and type 2 diabetes.
Explain the difference between simple and complex carbohydrates, including an example of each.
Simple carbohydrates are small molecules made of one or two sugar units. They digest quickly and provide fast energy, e.g. glucose or sucrose. Complex carbohydrates are made of many sugar units, take longer to digest and provide slow-release energy, e.g. starch in bread or pasta.
A student wants to increase their fibre intake. Which two changes could they make to their diet, and how would these benefit their digestive health?
They could choose wholemeal bread instead of white bread and eat more fruit and vegetables. These foods provide fibre, which helps keep the digestive system healthy.
What is a polysaccharide, and give one example.
A complex carbohydrate made of many sugar units joined together. An example is starch.