Experiments & Data Analytics
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Carbon Cycle
Law of Conservation of Mass & Energy
100
A student set up an experiment to test the effect of different liquids on plant growth. He placed identical plants into individual test tubes containing sugar water, salt water, tap water, bottled water, and pond water. He took measurements of the plants’ height every day for three weeks and recorded the measurements.
What is the independent (test) variable in this experiment?
A. The type of plant.
B. The type of liquid.
C. The amount of sunlight.
D. The height of the plants.
B. The type of liquid.
100
What cell organelle does photosynthesis occur in?
Chloroplasts
100
What cell organelle does cellular respiration occur in?
Mitochondria
100
Matter moves through Earth’s spheres in biogeochemical cycles. The diagram
below shows how carbon cycles between the biotic and abiotic components of a simple ecosystem.
Which of the following could NOT be added to the diagram to show the tree's contribution to the carbon cycle?
A. Arrows to show carbon dioxide leaving the tree during photosynthesis.
B. Arrows to show carbon dioxide entering the tree during photosynthesis.
C. Arrows to show carbon moving from the tree to the squirrel as it consumes its acorns.
D. Arrows to show carbon moving from the tree as its dead leaves are broken down by decomposers .
A. Arrows to show carbon dioxide leaving the tree during photosynthesis.
100
Living systems obey the law of conservation of energy. Which of the following best summarizes the law of conservation of energy?
A. Energy does not change form in living systems.
B. Energy can be created or destroyed in living systems.
C. Energy cannot be created or destroyed in living systems.
D. Energy can be destroyed as you move through the trophic levels in living systems.
C. Energy cannot be created or destroyed in living systems.
200
Photosynthesis is a process in which plants make food in the form of sugar. In this process, light energy is converted to chemical energy that is stored in the bonds of sugar molecules. What could a scientist do to verify that photosynthesis requires light energy?
A. Observe plants growing in a forest.
B. Study fossils of extinct plants and compare them to modern plants.
C. Observe the effects of different kinds of fertilizers on several groups of plant.
D. Observe the differences in plants placed in darkness with plants exposed to light.
D. Observe the differences in plants placed in darkness with plants exposed to light.
200
Which part of the illustration below depicts how photosynthesis supports cellular respiration in animals?
A. The release of water by the leaves.
B. The release of oxygen from the leaves
C. The absorption of sunlight by the leaves.
D. The taking in of carbon dioxide by the leaves.
B. The release of oxygen from the leaves
200
Which of the following organisms in the below food web undergo cellular respiration?
A. Only the producers.
B. Only the herbivores.
C. Only the tertiary consumers.
D. All organisms undergo cellular respiration.
D. All organisms undergo cellular respiration.
200
Evan studies the diagram of the carbon cycle during his field trip to the Museum of Natural History.
Which of the following did he learn from the diagram?
A. Carbon is lost among organisms and their environment.
B. Carbon moves only among living organisms and their environment.
C. Carbon usually moves from animals to plants rather than plants to animals.
D. Carbon is constantly being transferred among organisms and their environment.
D. Carbon is constantly being transferred among organisms and their environment.
200
Forest fires are part of the life cycle of Yellowstone National Park. They are an important part of the biogeochemical cycles that move matter from one sphere of Earth to another. Biogeochemical cycles are evidence that the biosphere follows the law of conservation of mass as depicted below.
Based on the diagram, what happened to the matter that made up the needles of the trees that are burning?
A. It was destroyed by the fire.
B. It fell to the ground unchanged.
C. It became smoke, ash, and gases.
D. It was converted to energy by the flames.
C. It became smoke, ash, and gases.
300
Olivia investigates the impact of invasive, nonnative pythons on the Everglades ecosystem where she lives. Burmese pythons eat a variety of large and small mammals and birds. She noticed that the number of raccoons around her home has decreased recently, and she wants to determine whether pythons might be the cause. She finds a model of a Florida Everglades food web as shown below.
Which of the following is a limitation of this model?
A. It illustrates the trophic levels differentiating producers from consumers.
B. It shows the flow of energy between organisms in the Everglades food web.
C. It does not show all the organisms and feeding relationships in the Everglades.
D. It simplifies the types of organisms and feeding relationships in the Everglades.
C. It does not show all the organisms and feeding relationships in the Everglades.
300
Which best describes product X?
A. It is oxygen released by photosynthesis.
B. It is oxygen released by cellular respiration.
C. It is carbon dioxide released by photosynthesis.
D. It is carbon dioxide released by cellular respiration.
A. It is oxygen released by photosynthesis.
300
Which statement best explains what happens in cellular respiration?
A. Energy stored in ATP is transferred to glucose molecules.
B. Energy stored in glucose is converted into energy stored in ATP.
C. Energy absorbed by chlorophyll is transferred to glucose molecules.
D. Energy absorbed by chlorophyll is converted to energy stored in ATP.
B. Energy stored in glucose is converted into energy stored in ATP.
300
A student made the model of the carbon cycle shown below to model how carbon flows through an ecosystem.
How is carbon transformed during Process A?
A. The plants take in water from the atmosphere and convert it into carbon dioxide.
B. The plants take in oxygen from the atmosphere and convert it into carbon dioxide.
C. The plants take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and convert it into glucose.
D. The plants take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and convert it into oxygen.
C. The plants take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and convert it into glucose.
300
Consider the process of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the context of the carbon cycle. How do these processes illustrate the conservation of mass and energy in ecosystems?
A. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both produce energy, demonstrating that energy can be created in an ecosystem.
B. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur independently of each other, each involving the creation and destruction of different substances.
C. Photosynthesis creates new carbon atoms from sunlight, and cellular respiration destroys these carbon atoms, demonstrating the conservation of mass and energy.
D. Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen, while cellular respiration breaks down glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water, showing that mass is transformed but not created or destroyed, and energy is converted from light to chemical forms and then to usable forms.
D. Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen, while cellular respiration breaks down glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water, showing that mass is transformed but not created or destroyed, and energy is converted from light to chemical forms and then to usable forms.
400
Students set up an experiment to answer the scientific question “Is water a limiting factor in the local ecosystem?” They use plants that are native to the ecosystem in their experiment. Their initial set-up is shown below. The pots of plants are placed on a tray near a window. Each tray of seedlings receives different amounts of water per day. They also receive different amounts of sunlight due to plants in the pots being a different distance to the window. Students measure the height of the plants daily for a month.
Which of the following best explains why their experiment is NOT valid?
A. The experiment was not repeated.
B. The experiment was not replicated.
C. The experiment did not have a control group.
D. The experiment has more than one independent variable.
D. The experiment has more than one independent variable.
400
The food web below depicts feeding relationships among organisms in an ecosystem.
How do producers obtain their food?
A. The producer obtains its food from the soil through its roots.
B. The producer obtains its food from the air through its leaves.
C. The producer makes its food in its leaves from carbon dioxide and water.
D. The producer makes its food in its leaves from minerals, oxygen, and water.
C. The producer makes its food in its leaves from carbon dioxide and water.
400
The diagram below shows a portion of the carbon cycle.
Which parts of the diagram illustrate the role of cellular respiration in the carbon cycle?
A. 1 and 2
B. 2 and 3
C. 3 and 4
D. 4 and 1
D. 4 and 1
400
Ally is a junior high student who has just learned about the carbon cycle in school. She is concerned about the environment and decides to construct a model of the carbon cycle in her community.
What could both add and remove carbon from the atmosphere in the model above?
A. the car
B. the tree
C. the deer
D. an insect
B. the tree
400
The word equation below summarizes a metabolic process illustrating the cycling of matter.
Glucose (C6H12O6)+ 6 Oxygen (O2) -> 6 Carbon dioxide (CO2) + 6 Water (H2O)+ Energy
Based on the information provided, what happens to the carbon contained in the glucose molecule during this reaction?
A. It is transformed into the energy that is released.
B. It becomes part of the carbon dioxide that forms.
C. It becomes part of the water molecule that forms.
D. It is destroyed by the oxygen gas it combines with.
B. It becomes part of the carbon dioxide that forms.
500
The graph below shows four different natural systems that serve as carbon sinks.
Which conclusion can be made about carbon sinks from these findings?
A. All the below-ground vegetation holds the exact same amount of carbon.
B. The amount of carbon held by tropical forests parallels that of boreal forests.
C. The soil found in mangrove forests holds the most carbon from the atmosphere.
D. Above-ground vegetation in tropical rain forests is the greatest holder of carbon.
C. The soil found in mangrove forests holds the most carbon from the atmosphere.
500
What are the final products of photosynthesis?
Oxygen & Sugar (glucose)
500
What are the final products of cellular respiration?
Carbon Dioxide, water, & energy (ATP)
500
Which image below illustrates the transition of matter from the biosphere to the geosphere? How does this obey the Law of Conservation of Mass? Explain your reasoning below:
Image D / Decomposition
500
Which of the following observations demonstrates that living systems follow the law of conservation of mass?
A. The total mass of all organisms in an ecosystem remains the same over time.
B. Most plants and animals begin their life cycle with a smaller mass and gain mass during development.
C. Living animals must consume food with a mass much greater than the mass of their body over their lifetime.
D. The total mass of a dead organism equals the total mass of matter released to the environment by decomposition.
D. The total mass of a dead organism equals the total mass of matter released to the environment by decomposition.