Cardiac Anatomy & Physiology
The amount of blood pumped by the ventricles in one minute.
What is cardiac output?
Chest pain due to insufficient blood flow to the myocardium.
What is angina pectoris?
Invasive procedure used to measure chamber pressures and coronary artery patency.
What is cardiac catheterization?
Hardening of the arteries, most common in small arteries and arterioles.
What is arteriosclerosis?
Blood pressure greater than 140/90 mm Hg.
What is stage 2 hypertension?
This valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle.
What is the mitral (bicuspid) valve?
Permanent destruction of heart muscle from reduced blood flow.
What is a myocardial infarction (MI)?
A surgical procedure where a blood vessel is grafted beyond a coronary blockage.
What is CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Graft)?
The hallmark symptom of peripheral arterial disease (PAD).
What is intermittent claudication?
Initial recommended drug class for uncomplicated hypertension.
What are thiazide diuretics?
The heart’s normal pacemaker.
What is the SA node?
This type of cardiomyopathy involves rigid ventricular walls that impair diastolic filling.
What is restrictive cardiomyopathy?
Device that supports a failing left ventricle, often used as a bridge to transplant.
What is an LVAD?
Localized sac or dilation formed at a weak point in the artery wall.
What is an aneurysm?
A hypertensive emergency is defined as blood pressure greater than this level.
What is 180/120 mm Hg with target organ damage?
The degree of stretch of the cardiac muscle fibers at end-diastole.
What is preload?
Microbial infection of the endothelial surface of the heart.
What is endocarditis?
The nursing priority after cardiac cath is to assess for this complication at the insertion site.
What is bleeding or hematoma formation?
Color changes, numbness, and burning pain in fingers triggered by cold or stress.
What is Raynaud’s syndrome?
Fast-acting oral medication option for hypertensive urgency.
What is clonidine (alpha-2 agonist)?
The percent of end-diastolic volume ejected with each heartbeat.
What is ejection fraction?
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lungs, often producing pink frothy sputum.
What is pulmonary edema?
This emergency procedure inflates a balloon in the aorta to improve coronary perfusion.
What is intra-aortic balloon pump therapy?
Results from incompetent venous valves, leading to edema and stasis ulcers.
What is chronic venous insufficiency?
Reduce BP by no more than this percentage in the first hour of a hypertensive emergency.
What is 25%?