Anatomy
The heart is located here:
a. inside the pericardial cavity
b. in the mediastinum, which is located in the pericardial cavity
c. in the mediastinum, which is located in the thoracic cavity
d. in the thoracic cavity, which is located in the mediastinum
c. in the mediastinum, which is located in the thoracic cavity
This statement describes the skeleton of the heart:
a. electrically insulates the atria from the ventricles
b. is composed of bones and cartilage
c. is the location of the pacemaker
d. is composed of calcified cardiac muscle
a. electrically insulates the atria from the ventricles
The resting membrane potential (RMP) depends upon this:
a. low permeability to Na
b. high permeability to K
c. low permeability to Ca
d. all of these
e. none of these
d. all of these
Contraction of the atrial myocardium is called this:
a. atrial systole
b. atrial diastole
c. ventricular systole
d. ventricular diastole
a. atrial systole
This occurs at the same time as atrial systole:
a. the ventricles are also in systole
b. the atrioventricular valves are closed
c. blood is being pumped into the aorta and pulmonary trunk
d. blood is being pumped into the ventricles
d. blood is being pumped into the ventricles
This statement about the epicardium is true:
a. is also known as the parietal pericardium
b. is a layer of cardiac muscle
c. is the visceral pericardium
d. lines the heart chambers
e. is the pacemaker of the heart
c. is the visceral pericardium
This structure is NOT present in cardiac muscle cells:
a. desmosomes
b. gap junctions
c. smooth sarcoplasmic reticulum
d. terminal cisternae
e. transverse (T) tubules
d. terminal cisternae
In cardiac muscle cells rapid depolarization is caused by the opening of this:
a. voltage-gated Ca2+ ion channels
b. voltage-gated K+ ion channels
c. voltage-gated Na+ ion channels
d. b and c
c. voltage-gated Na+ ion channels
During the period of ejection in the cardiac cycle, the atrioventricular valves are __________ and the semilunar valves are __________ .
a. closed, closed
b. closed, open
c. open, closed
d. open, open
b. closed, open
This is the effect of norepinephrine on the heart:
a. decreases the rate and strength of contraction
b. increases the rate and strength of contraction
c. decreases the amount of blood pumped per minute
d. has no effect on the heart
b. increases the rate and strength of contraction
Strong connective tissue strings that are attached to papillary muscles and to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves are called this:
a. musculi pectinati (pectinate muscle)
b. chordae tendineae
c. trabeculae carneae
d. the skeleton of the heart
e. the interventricular septum
b. chordae tendineae
Intercalated discs include these structures:
a. gap junctions, desmosomes, interdigitating folds
b. gap junctions, tight junctions, t-tubules
c. gap junctions, desmosomes, t-tubules
d. sarcoplasmic reticulum, interdigitating folds
a. gap junctions, desmosomes, interdigitating folds
This is the normal rate of spontaneous depolarization of the SA node:
a. 20 - 40 per minute
b. 40 - 60 per minute
c. 70 - 80 per minute
d. over 100 per minute
c. 70 - 80 per minute
Blood flows neither into nor out of the ventricles during this:
a. the period of isovolumic contraction
b. the period of isovolumic relaxation
c. diastole
d. systole
e. both a and b
e. both a and b
This structure returns blood to the right atrium:
a. coronary sinus
b. inferior vena cava
c. superior vena cava
d. both b and c
e. all of the above
e. all of the above
1. aortic semilunar valve
2. bicuspid (mitral) valve
3. pulmonary semilunar valve
4. tricuspid valve
Arrange them in the order in which an erythrocyte would pass through them after returning to the heart from the left arm.
a. 1,2,3,4 c. 4,3,2,1
b. 2,3,1,4 d. 3,1,2,4
c. 4,3,2,1
Damage to cells of the AV bundle would prevent the cardiac impulse from reaching this:
a. SA node
b. atria
c. AV node
d. ventricles
d. ventricles
In an EKG, the P wave represents this:
a. depolarization of the atria
b. repolarization of the atria
c. depolarization of the ventricles
d. repolarization of the ventricles
a. depolarization of the atria
Cardiac output is defined as this:
a. blood pressure times peripheral resistance
b. peripheral resistance times heart rate
c. heart rate times stroke volume
d. stroke volume times blood pressure
e. blood pressure minus peripheral resistance
c. heart rate times stroke volume
A decrease in blood pH and an increase in blood carbon dioxide levels result in this:
a. increased heart rate
b. increased stroke volume
c. increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart
d. increased cardiac output
e. all of the above
e. all of the above
A blood clot in the anterior interventricular artery would cause a myocardial infarction in this area:
a. left atrium and posterior left ventricle
b. anterior walls of the left and right ventricles, and interventricular septum
c. posterior walls of the left and right ventricles
d. lateral walls of the right atrium and right ventricle
b. anterior walls of the left and right ventricles, and interventricular septum
Given these structures of the conduction system of the heart:
1. atrioventricular bundle
2. AV node
3. bundle branches
4. Purkinje fibers
5. SA node
Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in the order an action potential passes through them.
a. 2,5,1,3,4 c. 5,2,1,3,4
b. 2,5,3,1,4 d. 2,5,4,1,3
c. 5,2,1,3,4
This condition observed in an ECG suggests that the AV node is not conducting action potentials:
a. complete lack of the P wave
b. complete lack of the QRS complex
c. more QRS complexes than P waves
d. P waves and QRS complexes are not synchronized
e. a prolonged PR interval
d. P waves and QRS complexes are not synchronized
In a person who has a damaged left ventricle due to a heart attack, they would experience this:
a. left ventricle pumps less blood than the right
b. blood accumulates in the pulmonary vessels
c. blood accumulates in the systemic vessels
d. won’t have any effect
e. a and b
e. a and b
Damage to this part of the brain would cause the body to have less control over cardiac activity:
a. cerebral cortex
b. thalamus
c. basal nuclei
d. medulla oblongata
d. medulla oblongata