chapt.21
Major modifiable cardiovascular risk factors
Smoking, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, high cholesterol, physical inactivity
The nurse is teaching a client how to lower blood pressure naturally. Which interventions should the nurse include?
Limit sodium intake.
Exercise at least 150 minutes each week.
Maintain a healthy weight.
Limit alcohol intake.
stop smoking
A common cause of myocarditis is this type of infection.
viral infection
This disease is caused by the buildup of fatty plaques inside the coronary arteries.
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
This structure normally initiates the electrical impulse that controls the heartbeat
sinoatrial (SA) node
A nurse is teaching a client about risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Which risk factor is nonmodifiable?
Age
A client taking metoprolol has the following vital signs:
Hold the medication and notify the healthcare provider.
The nurse should monitor for signs of this life-threatening complication resulting from weakened heart muscle.
heart failure
If chest pain is not relieved after one nitroglycerin tablet, the client should do this.
call 911 (or activate emergency medical services)
This procedure may be used to restore a normal rhythm in clients with atrial fibrillation.
cardioversion
The nurse is assessing peripheral circulation. Which finding indicates decreased arterial perfusion?
Pale, cool extremity with weak pulse
Which organ is commonly damaged by uncontrolled hypertension
Kidneys
This hallmark assessment finding is heard when auscultating a client with pericarditis.
pericardial friction rub
Clients with PAD should avoid doing this.
crossing their legs
This occurs when electrical impulses are delayed or blocked between the atria and ventricles
atrioventricular (AV) block
The nurse auscultates the apical pulse before administering digoxin. Which heart rate requires withholding the medication?
less than 60
Which antihypertensive medication class commonly causes a dry cough
ACE inhibitors
Clients with mechanical heart valves usually require this medication for life
warfarin (Coumadin)
This acronym outlines the initial medications often used for a suspected MI
MONA (Morphine, Oxygen if hypoxemic, Nitroglycerin, Aspirin)
This measurement on an ECG represents the time required for the impulse to travel from the atria to the ventricles.
PR interval
Which laboratory value is most useful in evaluating damage to cardiac muscle?
Troponin
what is included in the DASH diet
High in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy; low in sodium and saturated fat.
This heart valve disorder causes blood to flow backward through the valve instead of forward.
valvular regurgitation (insufficiency)
The client suddenly reports severe back pain, hypotension, and loss of consciousness. The nurse suspects this complication.
ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm
The treatment often required for symptomatic complete heart block is this device.
pacemaker