A & P
What are the 3 layers of the heart muscle?
What are:
Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium
What electrical activity occurs during the P-wave?
What is:
Atrial Depolarization
What are:
African-American Males
what is one complication of chronic hypertension?
What is:
M.I.
CVA/STROKE
Heart Failure
Renal Failure
PVD
Retinopathy
What is accumulating within the arteries of a patient diagnosed with C.A.D.?
What is:
Streaks, Plaques & Lesions of fat
Arteries carry (Oxygenated/Deoxygenated) blood away from the heart.
What is:
Oxygenated
What electrical activity occurs during the QRS complex?
What is:
Patients often describe the angina felt during an MI as what?
What is:
"Like someone is sitting on my chest"
What are two non-pharmacological intervention that can help treat hypertension?
Increase activity level
Weight Reduction
Dietary Modifications
Smoking cessation
What are the most common clinical manifestation of a patient experiencing a "full blockage" caused by C.A.D.?
What is:
Angina
What is the definition of Preload?
What is:
"The ventricular stretch at the end of diastole"
Filling – how much blood that is in ventricle before contraction (end diastolic volume)
What is the name of the cardiac rhythm that has P-waves, a normal QRS complex, and ranges from 60-100 beats/minute?
What is:
Normal Sinus Rhythm
What are 3 risk-factors for myocardial infarction?
(Non-Modifiable or Modifiable)
What are:
Hx CAD
Hx DM
Hx Afib
Hx Stroke
Hx HTN
Advanced Age
Obese
Sedentary lifestyle
What is the difference between a Hypertensive Emergency and Hypertensive Urgency?
What is:
HTN Emergency develops within hours to days and has organ involvement.
HTN urgency develops within days to weeks and has no organ involvementCoronary Artery Disease mimics what inside the arteries that causes the associated HTN + Ischemia?
What is:
Vasoconstriction
The sympathetic nervous system causes what?
What is:
Vasoconstriction
+
Increased HR
What is the name of the cardiac rhythm that has normal P-waves and narrow + peaked QRS complex?
What is:
Supra-ventricular Tachycardia
What does the acronym M O N A stand for?
What is:
Morphine
Oxygen
Nitroglycerin
Aspirin
What is the route that medication should be administered for a patient experiencing a HTN emergency?
What is:
IV
Your patient diagnosed with C.A.D. is about to undergo cardiac cauterization. What is most important to assess prior to the procedure being conducted?
What is:
If the patient has allergies to iodine or shellfishStroke volume is defined as?
What is:
•Volume of blood pumped out of heart per beat (60-120mL/beat)
What is the name of the cardiac rhythm that has absent P-waves and a "regularly irregular" R to R interval?
What is:
Atrial Fibrillation
Your patient is a sudden onset of unrelieved angina. What are the diagnostic tests you are expected to be ordered STAT and why?
(Two diagnostics)
What are:
EKG - to look for cardiac rhythm abnormalities
Troponin - "Gold standard" cardiac enzyme marker used to rapidly assess for M.I.
What is:
Angiotensin II
Lisinopril
Captopril
Enalapril
PRILS
Your patient with a history of C.A.D. reports intermittent chest pain that goes away when they stop physical activity.
What is this condition called?
What is:
Stable angina