Basic Heart Anatomy
This chamber pumps oxygenated blood to the body.
Phase when ventricles are relaxed and filling.
ventricular diastole
This wave represents atrial depolarization.
P wave
This sound is caused by closure of the AV valves.
S1 (“lub”)
Which valves are open during ventricular filling?
What are the AV valves
These valves are located between the atria and ventricles and prevent backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction.
AV valves
Phase when ventricles contract to eject blood.
ventricular systole
This complex represents ventricular depolarization.
QRS complex
This sound is caused by closure of the semilunar valves.
S2 (“dub”)
During ventricular systole, which valves are open to allow blood ejection?
semilunar valves
These vessels carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
pulmonary veins
During this phase, the AV valves close, pressure in the ventricles rises, and blood is eventually ejected through the semilunar valves.
Ventricular contraction/systole
This wave represents ventricular repolarization.
T wave
Best place to hear the mitral valve.
5th intercostal space, left midclavicular line
Blood flows from the left ventricle into this vessel.
the aorta
This structure separates the right and left sides of the heart and prevents mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
interventricular septum
AV valves are closed, semilunar valves are open.
ventricular ejection
This part of the EKG is associated with ventricular systole.
QT interval
This abnormal sound is associated with rapid ventricular filling.
What is S3?
Why is S2 normally louder at the base of the heart?
Because the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary) are best heard there.
This chamber of the heart has the thickest wall due to its role in systemic circulation.
left ventricle
This phase occurs immediately after semilunar valves close.
isovolumetric relaxation
This event is hidden by the QRS complex
atrial repolarization
This sound is associated with stiff ventricles and atrial kick.
What is S4
Valve dysfunction that causes blood to flow backward.
valve regurgitation