Cardiac Emergencies 1
What is the term that refers to a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels?
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
What are the 3 major acute coronary syndromes?
Unstable angina, NSTEMI, and STEMI
What is the term for a brief loss of consciousness caused by a temporary decrease in the blood flow to the brain?
Syncope (fainting)
What is a pathological condition characterized by restriction of cardiac contraction, falling cardiac output, and shock as a result of pericardial fluid accumulation?
Cardiac tamponade
What is a fixed blood clot that may obstruct an artery, particularly in the context of a narrowed arterial intima?
Thrombus
What is a type of CVD that includes disease of the coronary arteries and its associated signs, symptoms,and complications (such as acute MI and angina pectoris)?
Coronary heart disease (CHD)
What is often the presenting symptom in a patient with an ACS?
Chest pain or discomfort
Dysrhythmias, increased vagal tone, and heart lesions are all possible cardiac causes of _____?
Syncope
What is a condition in which the right side of the heart must work increasingly hard to pump blood into engorged pulmonary vessels?
Right ventricular failure (RVF)
What is the condition in which thickening and stiffening of the arterial walls greatly reduces the arteries’ elasticity?
Arteriosclerosis
What is the term for the cessation of cardiac mechanical activity, as confirmed by the absence of signs of circulation?
Cardiac arrest
What is the term for chest discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen (myocardial ischemia)?
Angina pectoris
Bilateral pitting edema may be a sign of _____?
Right ventricular failure (RVF)
What is angina pectoral characterized by intermittent pain with a predictable pattern?
Stable angina
What is the type of angina that is caused by coronary artery vasospasm, usually occurring at rest but may also be triggered by emotional stress, exertion, or cold weather?
variant angina
The apical impulse is also called the ______ because it is the site at which the heartbeat is most strongly felt.
What occurs when sudden narrowing or complete blockage of a coronary artery causes myocardial death?
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI)
What occurs with many abnormal heart rhythms or when the heart’s contractions are too weal to propel blood through the peripheral arteries?
Pulse deficit
What affects the inner lining of blood vessels, narrowing the vessels and reducing blood flow through them?
atherosclerosis
What is the type of angina that is caused by constriction or spasm within the walls of the heart’s smallest coronary arteries?
Microvascular angina (MVA)
What is the term for a series of cardiac conditions caused by an abrupt reduction in blood flow through a coronary artery?
Acute coronary syndromes (ACSs)
Dyspnea that occurs on exertion suggests the presence of _____ ? (2 answers)
COPD or LVF (left ventricular failure)
Dispensary that develops suddenly suggests _____? (Several possible answers)
pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax, acute pulmonary edema, pneumonia, airway obstruction
What is a mass of fatty tissue that gradually enlarges and calcifies, hardening into a lesion that infiltrates the arterial wall?
atheromatous plaque
What pain medication is preferred over morphine for ischemic chest discomfort not relieved by nitroglycerin?
Fentanyl