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Blood
CxR
ECG
Other Imaging
Grab bag
100
This is released from atrial myocytes in response to stretch.
What is Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)?
100
This condition results in prominence of the left atrial appendage and a straightening or convex bulging of the upper left heart border, a double atrial shadow to the right of the sternum, and splaying of the carina because a large left atrium elevates the left main bronchus.
What is Left atrial dilatation?
100
This arrhythmia is progressive PR interval prolongation until a P wave fails to conduct. The PR interval before the blocked P wave is much longer than the PR interval after the blocked P wave.
What is Mobitz I block (Wenckebach block phenomenon)?
100
According to This equation, the pressure difference between two chambers is calculated as: 4 multiplied by the square of the CW Doppler velocity between chambers.
What is the Bernoulli Equation?
100
Patients with suspected neurocardiogenic (vasovagal) syncope should be investigated with this test. The patient is secured to a table which is tilted to +60° to the vertical for ≥45 minutes. The ECG and blood pressure are monitored throughout.
What is tilt testing?
200
Levels of circulating ANP are (Increased or decreased?) in congestive cardiac failure and correlate with functional class, prognosis and haemodynamic state.
What is increased?
200
This condition produces a heart that appears globular. This enlargement may occur quite suddenly and, unlike in heart failure, there is no associated change in the pulmonary vasculature. An echocardiogram is more specific.
What is A pericardial effusion?
200
This produces late activation of the right ventricle. This is seen as deep S waves in leads I and V6 and as a tall late R wave in lead V1 (late activation moving towards right- and away from left-sided leads).
What is Right bundle branch block?
200
This form of echocardiography involves the use of local anaesthesia and sometimes intravenous sedation. High-resolution images can be obtained because of the close proximity of the heart to the transducer, and also because of the higher frequencies that are used relative to transthoracic imaging.
What is Transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE)?
200
This test may lead to asystole (>3 s) and/or a fall of systolic blood pressure (>50 mmHg). This hypersensitive response occurs in many of the normal (especially elderly) population.
What is carotid massage?
300
This hormone is predominantly secreted by the ventricles, and has an action similar to that of ANP but greater diagnostic and prognostic value.
What is Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)?
300
Heart size can be reliably assessed only from the PA chest film. The maximum transverse diameter of the heart is compared with the maximum transverse diameter of the thorax measured from the inside of the ribs to give this ratio.
What is The cardiothoracic ratio (CTR)? (usually <50%, except in neonates, infants, athletes and patients with skeletal abnormalities such as scoliosis and funnel chest.)
300
produces a deep S wave in lead V1 and a tall late R wave in leads I and V6. Also produces abnormal Q waves.
What is Left bundle branch block?
300
Colour Doppler shows blood flowing away from the echocardiography probe as this color.
What is Blue?
300
'wedging' indirectly measures this.
What is left atrial pressure?
400
This hormone is limited to vascular endothelium and the central nervous system, has similar effects to those of ANP and BNP.
What is C-type peptide?
400
This is seen as a widening of the mediastinum on chest X-ray but an ultrasound/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be performed for confirmation.
What is dissection of the ascending aorta?
400
A standard signal of 1 millivolt (mV) should move the stylus vertically, this distance.
What is 1 cm (two large squares)?
400
Coronary calcification can best be determined by which form of imaging?
What is Cardiac Computed Tomography? (Electron beam CT (EBT) and MDCT scanners are used to obtain multiple thin axial slices through the heart and then the calcium score is calculated.)
400
Can best be assessed from Holter Monitoring. It is decreased in some patients following myocardial infarction and represents an abnormality of autonomic tone or cardiac responsiveness. When absent, it is a major risk factor for sudden death and ventricular arrhythmias in patients discharged from hospital following myocardial infarction.
What is heart rate variability (HRV)?
500
This is the color of Spock's blood.
What is green?
500
This results in an increase in the CTR and a smooth elongation and increased convexity of the left heart border.
What is left ventricular hypertrophy?
500
This is a congenital cause of prolonged QT interval (name one).
What are Jervell–Lange–Nielsen or Romano–Ward syndromes?
500
This isotope is rapidly taken up by the myocardium, so an image taken immediately after injection reflects the distribution of blood flow to the myocardium.
What is Thallium-201?
500
During catheterization, this may be used to dilate the coronary arteries. (one of two answers).
What is/are nitrate and/or adenosine?