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Disease
Labs
Treatments
Anatomy
Patient Info
100
Narrowing of the coronary arteries, usually as a result of atherosclerosis
What is coronary artery disease?
100
A normal, alkaline constituent of urine and blood and is a source of energy for muscle contraction; usually increased in advanced stages of renal disease. The average value is usually less than 1.2 mg/dL.
What is creatinine?
100
Surgical establishment of a shunt that permits blood to travel from the aorta or internal mammary artery to a branch of the coronary artery at a point past an obstruction
What is coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG)?
100
The valve that closes the orifice between the left atrium and left ventricle during ventricular systole
What is the mitral valve?
100
Transient (and usually sudden) loss of consciousness, accompanied by an inability to maintain an upright position; fainting
What is syncope?
200
The inability of the right ventricle to fill or eject sufficient blood into the pulmonary circulation. Some symptoms are jugular venous distention, ascites, weight gain, dependent peripheral edema, and tachycardia.
What is right-sided heart failure?
200
The metabolic product of the breakdown of amino acids used for energy production. The normal concentration is about 8-21 mg/dL. Levels may be increased in presence of dehydration, decreased renal function, upper GI bleeding, or certain drugs.
What is BUN?
200
An invasive procedure used to measure cardiac chamber pressures and assess patency of the coronary arteries.
What is cardiac catheterization?
200
The percentage of the blood emptied from the ventricle during systole; usually 60-70% in healthy hearts but can be markedly reduced if part of the heart muscle dies
What is ejection fraction?
200
A disorder in which the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle does not close properly, allowing blood to flow backwards into the left atrium.
What is mitral valve regurgitation?
300
Narrowing of the aortic valve causing the valve to not open completely.
What is aortic stenosis?
300
Lab value used to assess kidney function found in acute and chronic renal failure. Usually between 10:1 and 20:1.
What is BUN/creatinine ratio?
300
A material used to maintain open blood vessels, usually placed during a cardiac catheterization.
What are stents?
300
An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. Can be associated with CHF.
What is pleural effusion?
300
A condition in which the blood pressure is higher than 140 mmHg systolic or 90 mmHg diastolic on three separate readings. It is the leading cause of stoke.
What is hypertension?
400
A fluid overload condition associated with heart failure. Some symptoms are shortness of breath, weight gain, ascites, JVD, and pitting edema.
What is congestive heart failure (CHF)?
400
An electrolyte which can be off balance due to many causes, especially dehydration, CHF, and excessive fluid intake.
What is sodium?
400
A loop diuretic used commonly in patients with CHF
What is furosemide (Lasix)?
400
The valve that closes the orifice between the right atrium and right ventricle during ventricular systole.
What is the tricuspid valve?
400
An illness in which kidney function remains diminished for a long period of time. CHF is often a major cause of this disease.
What is chronic kidney disease?
500
The transmission of data electronically to a distant location; used in hospitals to monitor EKGs, blood pressure, heart rate, etc.
What is telemetry?
500
A substance secreted from the ventricles in response to changes in pressure that occur when heart failure develops and worsens; an indication of heart failure
What is brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)?
500
A nitrate used as treatment and management of angina pectoris. It increases blood flow by dilating coronary arteries and improving flow to ischemic regions.
What is nitroglycerin?
500
The occlusion of this coronary artery is considered the most serious. Also called the "widow maker".
What is the left main coronary artery?
500
Confusion or disorientation that increases in the afternoon or evening.
What is sundowning?