Murmurs
It is pansystolic and radiates to axilla
What is mitral regurgitation
This heart sound is located at the right 2nd intercostal space
What is aortic
This drug is effective when kidney function is impaired, reduces blood volume, can cause hypokalemia and increase the risk of digitalis toxicity when both are prescribed.
What is high-cieling loop diuretics such as furosemide, bumetanide
This lab is most sensitive to cardiac damage and peaks in 12 hours
What is troponin
This mechanic compares the amount of blood in the heart to the amount of blood pumped out
What is ejection fraction EF
A high blowing decrescendo diastolic murmur and potential S3
What is aortic regurgitation
This heart sound is located at the left 5th intercostal, medial to midclavicular line
What is Mitral
This drug increases force of heart contraction, decreases heart rate, reduces vasoconstriction, and increases urine production
What is Cardia glycoside Digoxin
This cardiac lab has low specificity to infarction and peaks in 2 hours.
What is myoglobin MB
This mechanic refers to the inherent ability of the myocardium to contract normally and is influenced by preload.
What is cardiac contractility
A decrescendo in early diastole
What is pulmonic regurgitation
This heart sound is located at S1 S2 left 3rd intercostal space
What is Erb's point
This drug reduces blood volume, can cause hypokalemia and increase risk of digitalis toxicity when both are prescribed, not effective when kidney function is impaired.
Thiazide diuretics HCTZ
This lab is sensitive when skeletal damage isn't present and peaks in 10 to 24 hours
What is CK-MB
This mechanic refers to the pressure that the ventricle muscles must generate to overcome the higher pressure in the aorta to get the blood out of the heart.
What is cardiac afterload
A crescendo-decrescendo or rectangular systolic murmur
What is tricuspid regurgitation
This heart sound is located at the left 2nd intercostal space
What is pulmonic
This drug slightly reduces blood volume by causing loss of sodium and water with conservation of potassium; used to counteract potassium loss from other diuretics.
What is potassium sparing diuretic triamterene
This cardiac lab is normal at <100pg/ml and indicates volume overload
What is B-Natriuretic peptide BNP
This mechanic is the passive stretching of muscle fibers in the ventricles. This stretching results from blood volume in the ventricles at end-diastole. According to Starling's law, the more the heart muscles stretch during diastole, the ore forcefully they contract during systole.
What is cardiac preload
A harsh pansystolic murmur
What is ventricular septal defect
This heart sound is located at the lower left sternal border 4th intercostal
What is Tricuspid
This drug increases levels of kinins and decreases aldosterone production resulting in vasodilation, some prevention of heart remodeling, and mild reduction in blood volume by increasing excretion of water and sodium with convservation of potassium.
What is angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE inhibitors Captopril
When this lab is elevated peaked t waves, wide QRS and ventricular dysrhythmias are seen.
What is hyperkalemia
The percentage of normal ejection fraction EF is?
What is 50-70% EF