Risk Factors
Mother's with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) have ________ risk for CHD.
Increased
Adenosine IV selection should be _____ to the heart.
Closest
True or False. Not all heart defects cause murmurs and not all murmurs are caused by heart defects.
True.
Blood flows to the path of ______ resistance.
Pre Ductal and Post ductal O2 sats are useful to evaluate for ___ to ___ shunt at the ductus arteriosus.
Right to Left.
This chromosomal Condition has a 40-50% incidence of CHD.
Trisomy 21 or Down Syndrome
For the "Icing" Vagal maneuver how long should you apply ice slushy bag to the infant's forehead, for SVT treatment?
Once it converts or for max of 15 seconds
On X-ray view the heart may appear "boot shaped".
Tetralogy of Fallot
True or False. Skin perfusion and Appearance you should compare the upper and lower body.
True
Sustained Heart rate of >220 (can be present with HR >180).
SVT (supraventricular Tachycardia)
MAS, pneumonia, RDS, BPD increases the infant's risk of developing what?
PPHN (Persistent pulmonary hypertension)
PGE causes vasodilation by direct effect on smooth muscle in DA and may cause what major side effect?
Apnea!! Be prepared to support breathing.
In Coartation of Aorta and Interrupted Aortic Arch as the ductus closes _____ pulse will be stronger than _____ pulse and/or _____ brachial pulse may be stronger than ______brachial pulse.
brachial, femoral.
right, left.
What are some early clinical signs/symptoms seen in left obstructive lesions? Which occurs when the ductus closes usually within 10 days of life. (name at least 2)
Tachypnea, poor feeding, low urine output or change in LOC.
Sepsis (warm shock), aortic runoff lesions ( AVM, truncus arteriosus, PDA) may lead to your blood pressure presenting as _______.
Wide pulse pressure.
Heart failure, peripheral vasoconstriction, severe aortic valve stenosis, and compression on the heart (tension pneumothorax, pericardial effusion and lung hyperinflation) may cause your blood pressure to present as __________.
Narrow Pulse Pressure
For a hypercyanotic/ tet spell you can administer what type of medication?
Beta blocker (esmolol,propranolol)
If a bruit is heard, this may indicate a _______.
arteriovenous malformation (AVM)
CRT is brisk less than or equal to 2 seconds you may want to evaluate for _______.
any of the following:
warm shock, or hypotensive, vasodilated shock
How do you calculate a pulse pressure?
Systolic minus diastolic
What maternal exposure to teratogens early in pregnancy place the infant at a higher risk for CHD? (List at least 3)
Alcohol, drugs of abuse, viral exposure, medications or elevated glucose levels
When an infant has transposition of the great arteries and continues to have persistent hypoxemia after ductus opening and acidosis. What procedure might be performed?
Rashkind (Balloon Atrial Septostomy)
Dextrocardia, Tension left pneumothorax or Diaphragmatic hernia.
What is the normal pulse pressure for a preterm infant?
15-25 mmHg
CRT more prolonged in the lower body than upper may indicate closing DA in _____ dependent CHD.
Ductal