Heart failure
what is the pathophysiology of heart failure
Heart failure occurs when the heart is not able to meet the needs of the systemic circulatory system. This occurs when the ventricles are not filling properly, or the blood is not ejected into the systemic system as it should. Cardiopulmonary conditions such as hypertension, CAD, uncontrolled arrhythmias , MI, and valve disease contribute to this.
what are three risk factors for PVD
HTN
HLD
DM
genetics
age
smoking
obesity
sedentary lifestyle
What type of Angina occurs with or without exercise or emotional stress, increases in occurrences, severity and duration over time?
Unstable (preinfarction)
what is the universal donor?
O-
what is DVT?
Blood clot formed as a result of Venus stasis, endothelial injury or hypercoagulability.
what are three risk factors for heart failure?
family history of heart disease, chronic pulmonary disease, CAD, hypertension, chronic infection or inflammation, diabetes mellitus, obesity, metabolic diseases, and alcohol abuse. Clients who have been treated with cardiotoxic agents, such as anthracycline are also at risk for developing heart failure.
What are some skin manifestations of PVD?
shiny dry mottled skin.
What are the lab tests that would be ran for angina?
myoglobin
CK-MB
Troponin I
How long after you give a blood transfusion do you stay with the patient ?
15 mins
what are three risk factors for DVT?
hip surgery
total knee replacement
open prostate surgery
surgery in general
immobility
pregnancy
oral contraceptives
smoking
cancer
sepsis
COVID 19
when should you call 911?
having a hard time breathing
unrelieved SOB
angina
confusion
what would you avoid with PVD
avoid exposure to cold stress caffeine and nicotine
What are three risk factors for Angina?
males, postmenopausal, Hispanic or African American, sedentary lifestyle, HTN, smoking, HLD, BMI >30, excessive ETHOL consumption, metabolic disorders, stress, atheroosclerosis and age
What three things do you need to monitor for after giving a blood transfusion ?
temp increase 1 f
urticaria
flank pain
what type of medication do they use to treat DVT?
anticoagulants
what position do you place them in for heart failure?
High Fowlers
what positioning helps with PVD
do not cross legs
refrain from Ted hose
elevate legs to reduce swelling
what are three physical manifestations of Angina?
anxiety, chest pain, N/V, pallor, cool skin, tachycardia, palpitations, tachypnnea, SOOA, dizziness,sweating (diaphoresis), decreased LOC, arrhythmias, ECG changes
Stop the transfusion if this happens?
temp increases 1F or higher
what is the number one worry with DVT?
the embolism moving and lodging in the heart lung or brain (PE, stroke)
what is the S/S of digoxin toxicity
"I see yellow"
"I'm seeing double"
what diagnostic procedure would you do for PVD?
arteriography
what are three diagnostic tests needed for angina?
ECG
Stress test
Thallium scan
Cardiac catheterization
to administer a blood transfusion the first three steps are?
obtain type and crossmatch
obtain informed consent
verify blood product numbers with an RN
what are the expected findings of DVT?
may be asymptomatic calf or groin pain or tenderness, sudden unilateral edema and redness, changes in circumference of calf and thigh over time, SOOA oor chest pain can indicate the clot is in the lungs, S/S of stroke can indicate a clot has moved to the brain.