1
When the blood supply to a portion of the heart is reduced and causes "pain in the chest" it is called?
Angina Pectoris
1. Transportation
2. Regulation
3.Protection
Radial Artery
Name the wall/layers of the heart
1.Epicardium
2.Myocardium
3.Endocardium
Name the 3 blood circulations of the heart
Pulmonary
Systemic
Coronary
Name the two types of blood vessels
Arteries
Veins
What kind of bleeding is darker in color and flows steadily from a wound
Venous bleeding
What do you do right after evaluating a 12 lead EKG for any signs of ischemia, injury, infarct, and other significant myocardial alterations?
Tell the practitioner
Vessels that supply the myocardium
Coronary Arteries
Irregular or rapid heartbeats they feel as a fluttering sensation in the chest is known as?
Palpitation
Major artery supplying the leg
Femoral artery
An abnormal decrease in the total amount of water in the body is called what?
Dehydration
The Pulmonary Circulation pumps what type of blood and is what side of the heart
Deoxygenated blood and right sight of heart
Name the 2 Semilunar Valves
Pulmonic and Aortic
What two observations allows you know bleeding is controlled after a tourniquet is applied?
-No distal pulse palpable
-Wound has stopped bleeding
Name the 2 Atrioventricular Valves
Tricuspid and Mitral(bicuspid)
Irregular or rapid heartbeats they feel as a fluttering sensation in the chest
Palpitations
Which component of blood contains dissolved nutrients and carries certain crucial proteins such as clotting factors.
Plasma
Thin walled, microscopic blood vessel where O2, CO2, and nutrient/waste exchange with the body's cells takes place.
Capillaries
Greater then 3 seconds of the Capillary Refill Time (CRT) implies what?
Poor circulation
The systemic circulation pumps what kind of blood and is which side of the heart
Oxygenated blood
Left side
This type of valves prevent blood from from the ventricles back into the atria.
Atrioventricular valves
While auscultating the heart with a stethoscope the second intercostal space at the right sternal border is which valve
Aortic valve
Where is V1 lead located for a EKG?
Fourth intercostal space, right sternal border
Condition in which the heart's electrical impulses are disorganized, preventing the heart muscle from contracting normally
Ventricular Fibrillation
Contain specialized molecules called hemoglobin that bind to oxygen and are responsible for oxygen deliver to the cells
Red blood cells
These two major veins return blood from the body to the right atrium
Vena Cava (superior and Inferior)
This is the anatomical region between the lungs where the heart lies.
Mediastinum
The Cardiac cycle consists of the atria and ventricles doing these 2 things in order to get what.
Systole (Contraction)
Diastole (Relaxation)
Blood Pressure
This type of valves prevent back flow of blood into ventricles
Semilunar Valves
While auscultating the heart with a stethoscope the second left intercostal space at the left sternal border is which valve
Pulmonic valve
Where is the V6 lead on a EKG placed?
Horizontal to V4 fifth intercostal space mid axillary line
This process is know as what ____ when the supply of oxygen and nutrients to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries
Perfusion
This is a component of blood that form clots, fragments of larger cells and are crucial to the formation of clots
Platelets
Largest artery in the body, transports blood from the left ventricle to the systemic circulation
Aorta
When a patient's body is able to maintain perfusion but in shock what kind of shock are they in?
Compensated shock
Name the 4 pacemakers (components) of the Conduction system
Sinoatrial (SA Node) (Pacemaker)
Atrioventricular (AV Node)
Bundle of HIS (right and left bundle branches)
Myofibers (Purkinje Fibers)
This space is where water is inside cells
Intracellular space
While auscultating the heart with a stethoscope the third intercostal space at the left sternal border is know as area
Second Pulmonic area
Where is V4 lead on a EKG placed?
Fifth Intercostal space, midclavicular line
Happens from buildup of fluid in the body tissues (interstitial space) causing swelling, skin is pitted and difficult to pinch.
Edema
Fight infection by destroying microorganisms and produce antibodies to resist infection and protect the body from disease
White blood cells
This autonomic nervous system plays a major role in preparing the body to expend energy which allows the blood vessels to constrict
The Sympathetic nervous system(flight or fight)
When a patient body can no longer maintain perfusion and the body starts to fail what kind of shock are they in?
Decompensated shock
What kind of shock is if a large portion of the blood is lost from either dehydration or bleeding.
Hypovolemic shock
Intravascular Space
While auscultating the heart with a stethoscope the fourth intercostal space at the lower left sternal border is known as what
Tricuspid area
What are the two major factors that demine the views of the EKG deflection on the monitor
The location of the electrodes on the body and
The direction of the cardiac impulse in relation to the position of the electrode
Also referred to as a heart attack. Results in the death of the heart muscle due to a blockage in an artery
Myocardial Infarction
This function of blood helps maintain pH through homeostasis of all body fluids by regulating pH and body temperature.
Regulation
This autonomic nervous system plays a major role in controlling vessel diameter allows blood vessels to return to a relaxed state
Parasympathetic nervous system
Common site of intravenous catheter insertion in the antecubital space is called what?
Median Basilic
When a patient is in lack of normal number of red blood cells this disorder is known as what
Anemia
This is the space where water between cells and blood vessels are and seen in the form of edema
Interstitial space
While auscultating the heart with a stethoscope the fifth intercostal space midclavicular line is known as what area
Mitral (or apical)
What is the time frame you need to apply direct pressure for bleeding patients that have taken aspirin
5-10 min
What are 4 common causes of Cardiac Arrest
Coronary artery disease
Electrical shock
Respiratory failure
Drug toxicity
This is formed when the left ventricle contacts and sends a wave of blood through the arteries.
Pulse
What medication can Corpsman give to relieve chest pain. Through what route and up to how many doses?
Sublingual nitroglycerin
3 doses
Hypertension, obesity, lack of exercise, smoking and high levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood are risk factors for what?
Coronary artery disease
If a patient takes aspirin they are a higher risk of what?
Increased blood loss
Conditions that narrows or block the arteries of the heart reducing the amount of oxygen delivered to the heart are called what?
Coronary Artery Disease
When a portion of this heart muscle dies as a result of oxygen starvation this condition is known as what?
Myocardial infarction
For venipuncture sites tourniquet should be ____ to _____ inches _____ the site?
2 to 4 inches
Above
True or false: For venipuncture you should choose the veins located in the injured arm especially in location of thick scar tissues.
false
Name the 4 most common antecubital veins for venipuncture
Median cubital
Median basilic
Basilic vein
Cephalic vein
True or false: I should touch and blow on the venipuncture site after cleansing it with antiseptic swab to ensure it is dry?
False
The irritation of the blood vessel with signs of redness, inflammation, tenderness, and warmth is known as
Phlebitis
This type of fluid is used o replace electrolytes and pull fluid FROM the cells and surrounding tissues to the vascular compartment
Hypertonic solutions
This type of fluid is used to pull fluid out of the blood vessels and into the interstitial space (into cells)
hypotonic solutions
What IV catheter sizes should be used for trauma, surgery and blood transfusion on adult patient?
14g
16g
18g
What IV catheter sizes are used for administration of blood in pediatrics or neonates
22 or 24 gauge
Starting with the Vena Cava name the right side of the heart in order of how blood travels until the Pulmonary artery.
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricles
Pulmonic valve
Starting with the Pulmonary vein name the left side of the heart in order of how blood travels until the Aorta.
Left Atrium
Mitral or (bicuspid) valve
Left ventricles
Aortic Valve
You have the following vital signs - what are you concerned about and what is the medical term for what it is called?
35 y/o female with the following vital signs: HR: 62, BP: 138/93, R: 24, SpO2: 96% RA, T: 38.1 C, CRT 3 seconds, pain 5/10 (Knees).
BP: Hypertension - High
Respirations: Tachypnea - High
Temperature: Hyperthermic - High @ 100.5F
Pain: Any pain is abnormal... no such thing as normal pain.
Shortness of breath, chest pain, left arm pain, and palpitation goes where on the the SOAP Note?
Subjective