Embryo
Chambers
Systemic vessels
Coronary vessels
Other
100
Name 3 structures that are present in a fetus then closed after birth. Describe which two structures are connected by these three openings or what it bypasses.
ductus venosus - umbilical vein to IVC bypassing liver, foramen ovale - RA to LA bypassing RV and lungs, ductus arteriosus - pulmonary trunk to aorta bypassing lungs
100
In which chamber does a myxoma most commonly occur?
Left atrium
100
What is this vessel (upper left arrow) and where does it originate from? Describe the pathway from it leaving the heart.
right common carotid artery, originates from brachiocephalic trunk coming off the aortic arch
100
What is this vessel marked by the bottom left arrow?
Right coronary artery
100
Describe the locations of auscultation for each of the valves.
aortic R 2nd IS, pulmonary L 2nd IS, tricuspid L 4th/5th IS, mitral 5th IS midclavicular
200
Label this image abcd
a - truncus arteriosus
b - bulbus cordis
c - primitive ventricle / atria
d - sinus venosus
200
What chamber most commonly produces a right parasternal heave?
Right ventricle
200
What collateral vessel findings are caused by coarctation of the aorta?
intercostal arteries with rib notching
200
A 62-year-old man presents with chest pain radiating to the left arm. ECG shows ST elevation in leads II, III, and aVF. Which coronary artery is most likely occluded? What is the diagnosis?
Right Coronary Artery, Inferior MI
200
What structural feature allows cardiac muscle cells to contract together as a functional syncytium?
Intercalated discs containing gap junctions and desmosomes
300
Failure of migration of which embryologic cell type leads to persistent truncus arteriosus?
Neural crest cells
300
What is this structure? :watermark(/images/watermark_only_413.png,0,0,0):watermark(/logos/logo_url_sm.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/trabeculae-carneae-4/75rzQYxvvpZhefDrU73nNg_trabeculae-carneae-4__1_.jpg){kind=logo}
trabeculae carneae
300
A patient with abdominal aortic aneurysm has increasing abdominal girth and early satiety. Imaging shows erosion into adjacent vertebral bodies. Which vessel is being compressed?
IVC
300
What is this vessel and what other vessel does it run with?
middle cardiac vein/posterior interventricular vein, runs with posterior descending artery/posterior interventricular artery
300
What is this structure (#7)? *Bonus: what is its function?
greater splanchnic nerve, sympathetic nerve (T5–T9) that synapses with celiac ganglion and primarily carries preganglionic sympathetic fibers to abdominal organs
400
Name the veins received by the sinus venosus and where they carry blood from.
vitelline vein from yolk sac, umbilical vein from placenta, common cardinal vein from body of embryo
400
What can happen if this chamber of the heart is enlarged and compresses a posterior structure?
left atrial enlargement compresses esophagus, causing dysphagia
400
A 68-year-old man has an infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm. Which artery arises directly from this segment and is at risk during expansion?
inferior mesenteric artery
400
What is this vessel? What are 3 other vessels that drain into it? What embryologic structure gives rise to this vessel?
coronary sinus; great, middle, and small cardiac veins drain into coronary sinus; left horn of the sinus venosus gives rise to coronary sinus
400
Describe the valves in the pulmonary veins.
They're valveless.
500
Describe the fate of the 3rd, 4th, and 6th aortic arches, and the embryonic origin of the brachiocephalic artery.
3rd common and internal carotid artery, 4th right subclavian artery, arch of aorta (L), 6th pulmonary arteries L and R, ductus arteriosus (L), brachiocephalic trunk from right horn of aortic sac
500
What is this structure (highlighted in green) and what is its embryological origin?
:watermark(/images/watermark_only_413.png,0,0,0):watermark(/logos/logo_url_sm.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/pectinate-muscles/qvtaiHArbYakKH5BzK0lw_musculi-pectinati.jpg){kind=logo}
pectinate muscles, primitive atrium
500
What is this vessel (#5) and where does it drain into?
azygous vein, drains into superior vena cava
500
Which blood vessel supplies the moderator band? (Hint: Right bundle)
Left coronary artery
500
A 65-year-old man presents with tearing chest pain radiating to the back. Imaging shows an intimal flap extending from the ascending aorta. Which vessel layer is primarily disrupted?
tunica media