Terminology
What is a vein?
Vessels that carry blood to the heart
Where does the blood enter the heart when returning from the body?
Cadual and cranial vena cava
What is the tip of the heart called (hint: outside)?
What is one complete contraction of the heart called?
Systole
Describe the function of pulmonary arteries.
The only arteries that carry deoxygenated blood.
What is one common sign that shows poor circulation in an animal?
- Check their mucous membranes! The color (blue, pale) can indicate a possible lack/loss of circulation
- Check their CRT! If it is longer than two seconds, there may be an issue with circulation
What is the valve that sits in the left fifth intercostals space?
Two acceptable answers: Left AV valve or mitral valve
What is "preload" known as?
Volume of blood in the ventricle right before it starts to contract at the end of diastole
AKA: (EDV) End Diastolic Volume
Define pericardium.
Double walled connective tissue layer that covers the heart
What are the types of circulation?
- Systemic: delivers ox'd blood to body, deox'd blood to heart
- Pulmonary: delivers deox'd blood to lungs, ox'd blood to heart
- Coronary: separate blood supply to heart muscle
What is the purpose of valves?
Valves control the flow of blood through the vessels, including preventing backflow
What is the S1 (lub) sound of the heart?
Closure of AV valves once ventricular pressure exceeds atrial pressure
What is the space between the two pleural cavities that contain the lungs called?
The mediastinum.
How is fetal blood circulation different from mature animals?
- Lung nonfunctional - pulmonary circuit is bypassed
- Bypass includes: foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus, and ductus venosus
- Arteries in the umbilicus perform gas exchange at the placenta
- Umbilical vein brings the blood back to the mother's heart
Where is the cardiac notch located, and what is it's function?
Medially between the lungs; it's where the heart sits!
Define Isovolumetric Relaxation
When all valves are closed, ventricles relaxed, and pressure inside ventricle decreases.
What are the chordae tendinae?
Fibers attached to the papillary muscles (attached to interventricular septum and the walls of the ventricle)
Label the circulation of blood through the heart.
(See Picture)
Name the order of the vessels that blood pumps through, starting from the heart (body circuit).
Aorta -> arteries -> arterioles -> capillaries -> venules -> veins