Heart Anatomy
These two upper chambers of the heart receive blood returning from the veins before pumping it into the lower chambers.
What are the atria (singular: atrium)?
This clear, watery fluid is collected from the spaces between cells and transported through the lymphatic system.
What is Lymph?
Often called the "silent killer," this is the medical term for chronically high blood pressure.
What is hypertension?
This chronic condition involves the inflammation and narrowing of the airways, often triggered by allergens or exercise, leading to wheezing and shortness of breath.
What is asthma?
This blood type is known as the "Universal Donor" because its red blood cells lack A, B, and Rh antigens.
What is Type O negative (O-)?
This thick muscular wall divides the right side of the heart from the left side, preventing oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood from mixing.
What is the septum?
These bean-shaped structures act as filters, trapping bacteria, viruses, and other foreign debris to be destroyed by white blood cells.
What are lymph nodes?
This condition occurs when the blood supply to part of the heart muscle is blocked, leading to tissue damage; it is commonly known as a heart attack.
What is a myocardial infarction?
Frequently caused by smoking, this "umbrella term" includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema, characterized by long-term breathing problems and poor airflow.
What is COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)?
These are the protein "identity markers" found on the surface of red blood cells that determine a person's blood type.
What are antigens?
These anatomical structures, specifically the tricuspid and mitral, are anchored by the "heart strings" and prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles into the atria during contraction.
What are the Atrioventricular (AV) valves?
Located in the upper-left quadrant of the abdomen, this is the largest lymphatic organ and is responsible for filtering blood and destroying old red blood cells.
What is the spleen?
This is the process where fatty deposits called plaque build up on the inner walls of the arteries, causing them to harden and narrow.
What is atherosclerosis?
This infection inflames the air sacs (alveoli) in one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid or pus, causing cough, fever, and difficulty breathing.
What is pneumonia?
This blood type is the "Universal Recipient" because the individual’s plasma contains no antibodies against A, B, or Rh antigens.
What is Type AB positive (AB+)?
While the superior vena cava drains the upper body, this large vein returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium from all body regions located below the diaphragm.
What is the inferior vena cava?
These are the two main types of white blood cells found in the lymphatic system; one type produces antibodies, while the other attacks infected cells directly.
What are B cells and T cells (or Lymphocytes)?
This type of arrhythmia is characterized by a rapid, irregular heartbeat in the upper chambers of the heart, significantly increasing the risk of stroke.
What is atrial fibrillation (or AFib)?
This condition is clinically defined by a productive cough that lasts for at least three months out of the year for two consecutive years, caused by oversecretion of mucus in the airways.
What is chronic bronchitis?
A person with Type B negative blood will naturally produce these specific antibodies in their plasma to fight off foreign blood cells.
What are Anti-A and Anti-Rh (or Anti-D) antibodies?
While most of these carry oxygen-poor blood toward the heart, the "pulmonary" version of this vessel is unique because it carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
What is a vein?
This large vessel is the main collecting duct of the lymphatic system, receiving lymph from the left side of the head, neck, chest, the left arm, and the entire body below the ribs.
What is the thoracic duct?
This specific type of "left-sided" heart failure results in fluid backing up into the lungs, often causing shortness of breath and coughing.
What is congestive heart failure (CHF)?
Caused by a specific genus of bacteria, this infectious disease is characterized by the formation of "tubercles"—small, hard nodules where the immune system walls off the invading pathogens in the lungs.
What is Tuberculosis (or TB)?
Often abbreviated as "D," this specific antigen on the surface of red blood cells is what determines whether a person’s blood type is labeled as "positive" or "negative."
What is the Rh factor (or Rhesus factor)?