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Let's get clinical (clinical)
Maybe it's a sign
Imaging that!
Evalveuating the evidence
Under pressure
100
Patients with this condition typically have a history of exertional dyspnea. On examination, JVD and positive Kussmaul's sign are noted, and a high pitched extra sound is auscultated at the apex. prominent x and y waves.
What is constrictive pericarditis?
100
This condition is characterized by delayed and weakened carotid upstrokes, a condition also known as pulsus parvus et tardus.
What is aortic stenosis?
100
Patients with this condition will have abnormalities on their EKG readings including widespread concave ST elevation and PR segment depression.
What is pericarditis?
100
This is the preferred method of treatment for patients with symptomatic aortic stenosis.
What is valve replacement surgery?
100
This condition involves an acute and hemodynamically significant increase in pericardial pressure as the pericardial sac fills with fluid.
What is cardiac tamponade?
200
Patients with this condition will typically present with chest pain that is relieved by leaning forward, is not affected by exertion, and is exacerbated with inspiration.
What is pericarditis?
200
Constrictive pericarditis is accompanied by this sign, an increase in JVP on inspiration.
What is Kussmaul's sign?
200
This EKG finding is caused by the swinging of the heart in the pericardium
What is electrical alternans?
200
The first 1st heart sound increases in intensity, the 2nd heart sound remains normal, and a high pitched additional sound may be heard after A2 in this condition.
What is mitral stenosis?
200
The phenomenon known as "interventricular dependence" is the primary mechanism generating this hallmark sign of cardiac tamponade and some cases of constrictive pericarditis.
What is pulsus paradoxus?
300
Patients with this condition will typically present with a history of angina and exertional syncope, with findings of a systolic ejection murmur, S4, and softened A2 on auscultation.
What is aortic stenosis?
300
The square root sign, a “dip-plateau” pattern of the ventricular filling pressure curves, reflects normal ventricular filling that abruptly reaches the elastic limits of the ventricle It is commonly seen in this condition.
What is constrictive pericarditis?
300
The "oreo cookie sign" on lateral chest x-rays refers to this condition.
What is pericardial effusion?
300
This is the intervention of choice in mitral stenosis, however it is rarely recommended for the treatment of aortic stenosis.
What is balloon valvuloplasty?
300
JVD, muffled heart sounds, and hypotension, three hallmark symptoms of cardiac tamponade, are also known as this.
What is Beck's Triad?
400
Typical findings of this condition include decreased cardiac output and tissue perfusion, increased systemic vascular resistance, and increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
What is cardiogenic shock?
400
Ewart sign, or dullness over the posterior left lung, is a clinical sign of this condition.
What is pericardial effusion?
400
These linear opacities are seen on the chest radiograph. They are indicative of left ventricular failure or mitral stenosis leading to pulmonary edema.
What are Kerly b lines?
400
The performance of simple maneuvers can aid in distinguishing between aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation, which often present with similar sounding murmurs. For example, hand grip will worsen the murmur of ________, and increasing the heart rate will worsen the murmur of ________.
What are mitral regurgitation and aortic stenosis?
400
A high pitched sound in early diastole (occurring slightly earlier than the average S3) is commonly auscultated in this condition.
What is pericardial constriction? (pericardial knock)
500
Patients with this condition typically present with fever, hypotension, tachycardia, oliguria, and no EKG abnormalities.
What is distributive shock?
500
Quincke's sign, Traube's sign, de Musset's sign, and Duroziez's sign are indicative of this condition.
What is aortic insufficiency?
500
This sports related term is how the appearance of the anterior mitral leaflet on an echocardiogram is best described in mitral stenosis.
What is hockey stick appearance?
500
These are three ways that you can estimate the area of stenotic valves.
What are echocardiograms, the continuity equation, and the half time method?
500
Patients with this condition often report a pressure-like chest pain and improve with administration of nitroglycerin.
What is myocardial infarction?