Exotics
What is the most common cardiac disease in birds (generally parrots/psittacines)?
Atherosclerosis (coronary artery disease - similar to humans; will also be seen in dogs with hypothyroidism!)
What is the cutoff for the presence of pulmonary hypertension?
Technically >25 mmHg, but realistically/at ASEC we define it as >35 mmHg
A dog presents to your ER in VTach - what do you do?
Give lidocaine 2 mg/kg IV
What is a common therapy given at outpatient appointments that can cause myocarditis and secondary DCM
Doxorubicin
Describe the kind of murmur you will hear with a PDA
Continuous murmur at the left heart base
Name 3 different cardiac diseases that ferrets can get (there are 5 common ones)
HCM, DCM, valvular disease, arrhythmias, HWD
How do we treat pulmonary hypertension acutely and chronically?
Acutely: O2
Chronically: sildenafil 1-3 mg/kg PO q8h
What are two common non-cardiac causes of syncope? (there are 5+)
Hypoglycemia, hypoxemia, anemia, hyperviscocity, hypotension
Name 2 common diseases cats can get that can cause thickening of the myocardium/an HCM phenotype (not primary genetic HCM)
Hyperthyroidism, hypertension
What congenital defects are commonly seen concurrently with many other cardiac congenital anomalies?
ASDs
How are most reptiles' hearts different from mammals hearts?
Bonus if you can say which reptile's heart is the SAME structurally to mammals!
Only three chambers (no true IVS - one ventricle)
Crocodiles
We use major categories to classify the kinds of diseases that can cause pulmonary hypertension - how many categories are there?
5 (pulmonary arterial hypertension, pulmonary venous hypertension, lung disease/hypoxia, thromboembolism, other)
What are the two most common causes for sudden cardiac death?
Arrhythmias (both tachy and brady)
Pericardial hemmorhage (either from cardiac mass or LA tear)
What is a common viral cause of myocarditis?
Parvovirus
What is the ~fancy~ name of the disease process whereby high pulmonary hypertension results in a left to right shunt to reverse?
Eisenmenger syndrome
What are common physical exam findings of birds in CHF?
Edema of the legs or wings
Bluish/discolored or sunken periorbital region
Name a condition (either specific or a broad category) that can result in PHT through thromboembolism
Any condition that causes hypercoagulability: Cushings, PLN, neoplasia, trauma, surgery, etc
Also heartworm embolisms
What is the primary rhythm that you shock?
Ventricular fibrilation
What protozoa commonly seen in dogs in Texas causes myocarditis?
Trypanosoma cruzi
What major anomaly do you have to worry about with bulldogs that have pulmonic stenosis
R2A coronary anomaly
What is the name of the special kind of cardiomyopathy seen in rabbits?
(hint - similar to Takotsubo cardiomyopathy)
Stress induced cardiomyopathy
OTHER than tricuspid regurgitation, what changes can we see on echo that can suggest PHT is occurring?
RV concentric hypertrophy (thickening), flattening of the IVS, dilation of the MPA or its branches, pulmonary insufficiency/its velocity, underfilled LV
What are two common cardiac causes of syncope (there are 6)
Arrhythmias, obstruction (PS, SAS, HOCM), poor contractile function, cardiac restriction (tamponade, tension pneumo), cough (tussive), vasovagal
What is a common myocardial toxin of horses?
Cantharidin from blister beetles
Name 2 (of four) ways to manage a VSD
Medical management
Surgical management - PA banding, Amplatz occlusion, total surgical repair