Flail Chest
What describes Flail Chest.
Double fractures of three or more adjacent ribs?
Refers to a broad category of lung diseases rather than to a specific disease entity.
Interstitial lung disease (ILD)
What does the acronym TNM mean?
Tumor, lymph node, metastasis
What would your expect to appear on a chest x-ray of a patient with scoliosis?
S or C shape of the spine
What type of untreated pneumothorax is considered to be the most serious?
Tension
What is an infection, a collection of pus in the pleural space?
Emypyema
How many days of ventilatory support are anticipated for a patient with a flail chest to allow sufficient time for bone healing?
5 to 10 days
What is the most common cause of ARDS?
Sepsis
A patient with lung cancer has learned the cancer has metastasized to three other locations. What is the recommended treatment option?
Chemotherapy
Posterior curvature of the spine (humpback or hunchback) best describes
kyphosis
With a tension pneumothorax, the buildup of air pressure will cause the trachea to shift ___ from the affected side.
Away
While reviewing a chest x-ray, what sign is seen in a pleural effusion when fluid extends upward around the anterior, lateral, and posterior thoracic walls.
meniscus
While assessing a pt who was involved in a MVA, the RT observes that a section of his left anterior chest wall sinks inward during inspiration. What is the most likely cause?
Flail Chest
What appearance is seen on a chest radiograph when severe ARDS present?
“ground-glass” appearance
What is the most common cause of lung cancer?
cigarette smoking
Scoliosis is defined as a spinal curvature of _____ degrees.
>10
What type of pneumothorax can occur suddenly and without any obvious underlying cause. Seen most commonly in tall, thin young males as a result of blebs or bulla rupture and COPD pts.
Spontaneous pneumothorax
What is the procedure that involves placing a needle through the chest wall to withdraw pleural effusion fluid?
Thoracentesis
What is the term for abnormal gas movement from one lung to the other?
Pendelluft
According to the Berlin definition of ARDS, what does a PaO2/FIO2 ratio of 150 mm Hg indicate for a patient on mechanical ventilation with a PEEP of 10 cm H2O?
Moderate ARDS
Malignant tumors:
1. invade surrounding tissues.
2. grow slowly.
3. cause necrosis.
4. may be metastatic.
1, 3, 4
Malignant tumors invade surrounding tissues, cause necrosis of the tissue, and may be metastatic.
A patient has a 50-degree curvature of her spine. The physician is most likely to recommend which of the following treatments?
Surgical intervention
A 52 yr old male fell at work and is SOB. A chest radiograph shows a broken rib and a 20% pneumothorax in the right lung. Which of the following conditions would be present?
Closed pneumothorax
How would the pleural effusion be described in pt with a chylothorax?
Milky White
What is the primary cause of hypoxemia in a patient with a severe flail chest?
Alveolar atelectasis
What chest assessment findings are associated with ARDS?
Dull percussion note, Bronchial breath sounds, Crackles
Which form of lung cancer has the poorest prognosis?
Small cell carcinoma
A patient has a 30-degree curvature of the spine. The physician is most likely to recommend which of the following treatments?
brace
Following a MVA, a female patient exhibits hypotension, tachycardia, and increased WOB. The physician has determined that she has a 25% pneumothorax. The respiratory therapist should FIRST recommend
a needle decompression
The chest x-ray of a patient shows a pointed costophrenic angle on the right side. The left costophrenic angle is blunted. Based on this finding, the patient is likely to have
pleural effusion on the left side