Show:
A & P
Rhythms
MI
CAD
HF
100
The largest artery in the body and is part of the heart that delivers richly oxygenated blood to the body...
What is the Aorta?
100
Waveforms seen in normal sinus rhythm.
What is P, Q, R, S, T, and sometimes U?
100
Chest pain that is not relieved with Nitro and rest.
What is a Myocardial Infarct (MI)?
100
The most common risk factor for CAD is _____.
What is Atherosclerosis? Other risk factors include: Hyperlipidemia, DM, Smoking, hypertension, sedentary lifestyle, stress.
100
Which of the following are NOT typical signs and symptoms of right-sided heart failure? Select-all-that-apply: A. Jugular venous distention B. Persistent cough C. Weight gain D. Crackles E. Nocturia F. Orthopnea
What is B, D, F?
200
Blood flows on the left side of the heart from the pulmonary vein to the left atrium through which valve.
What is the Bicuspid or Mitral valve?
200
The ventricles fire an early impulse which causes the heart to beat earlier which causes an irregularity in the heart rhythm.
What is Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)?
200
Common signs and symptoms in women experiencing an MI. (HINT: 2 answers)
What is abdominal pain and/or heartburn?
200
Involves the formation of plaque within the arterial wall and is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
What is Atherosclerosis? Clients with atherosclerosis often have elevated lipids, including cholesterol and triglycerides. Elevated cholesterol levels are confirmed by HDL and LDL measurements.
200
The ventricle is unable to properly fill with blood because it is too stiff. Therefore, blood backs up into the lungs causing the patient to experience shortness of breath.
What is Left-sided Heart Failure? Left sided heart failure causes the blood to back up into the left atrium and lungs which causes pulmonary congestion and can cause right-sided heart failure. Is responsible for a decrease cardiac output to body.
300
True or false. Pulmonary veins take unoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs.
What is FALSE? The pulmonary artery takes unoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs to become oxygenated and then back to the left side of the heart via the pulmonary veins.
300
A result of many sites within the atria firing electrical impulses in an irregular fashion causing an irregular heart rhythm and irregular pulse.
What is Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib)?
300
The reduction in blood flow through one or more coronary arteries initiates myocardial ______ and ______.
What is myocardial ischemia and tissue necrosis?
300
A primary effect of CAD is a diminished supply of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardial tissue because of _____.
What is decreased blood flow? Causes a narrowing of the vessel walls.
300
Which of the following patients are MOST at risk for developing heart failure? Select-all-that-apply: A. 69 y.o. male with a history of alcohol abuse and is recovering from a myocardial infarction. B. 55 y.o. female with a health history of asthma and hypoparathyroidism. C. 30 y.o. male with a history of endocarditis and has severe mitral stenosis. D. 45 y.o. female with lung cancer stage 2. E. 58 y.o. female with uncontrolled hypertension and is being treated for influenza.
What is A, C, E? A, C, and E are at an increased risk for developing heart failure based on the predisposing factors.
400
On the right side of the heart, blood flows from the right ventricle to the ____ & _____ before entering the lungs.
What is the Pulmonic valve to the pulmonary artery?
400
A dangerous type of rapid, regular heart rhythm--- is usually associated with poor cardiac output and results from abnormal tissues in the ventricles generating a rapid and irregular heart rhythm.
What is Ventricular Tachycardia (V-Tach)?
400
A doctor has ordered cardiac enzymes on a patient being admitted with chest pain. You know that _________ levels elevate 3 hours after injury to the heart and is the most regarded marker by providers.
What is Troponin? Troponin is a myocardial muscle protein that is released into blood stream when the heart muscle suffers ischemia. Troponin T – first detected 3-5 hours after myocardial injury and remain elevated for 14-21 days. Troponin I – first detected 3 hours after myocardial injury and remain elevated for 7-10 days.
400
Difficulty breathing (dyspnea) is caused by what factor in CAD.
What is ischemia?
400
When monitoring for fluid overload in a patient with Heart failure it is important to check ____ and ____.
What is daily weights and I/O's? Follow the rule of 3's when monitoring for fluid over load when checking daily weights, >3 lbs in 3 days.
500
True or false. Blood flows in the heart in the following sequence: Superior vena cava/Inferior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonic valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid/mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta.
What is TRUE?
500
A dangerous heart rhythm where none of the sinus impulses reach the ventricles; on the ECG, there's no normal relationship between the P and the QRS waves. They have their own schedules.
What is third degree heart block (complete heart block)? Requires pacemaker placement (aka Pacer counseling).
500
A patient reports having crushing chest pain that radiates to the jaw. You administer sublingual nitroglycerin and obtain a 12 lead EKG. Which of the following EKG findings confirms your suspicion of a possible myocardial infraction? A. absent Q wave B. QRS widening C. absent P-wave D. ST segment elevation
What is D?
500
You’re providing education to a patient who will be undergoing a heart catheterization. Which statement by the patient requires you to re-educate the patient about this procedure? A. “The brachial artery is most commonly used for this procedure.” B. “A dye is injected into the coronary arteries to assess for blockages.” C. “Not all patients who have a heart catheterization will need a stent placement.” D. “I will not be completely asleep and will be able to breathe on my own during the procedure.”
What is A? The most commonly used artery is the femoral artery.
500
The nurse receives a new order from the MD which says to administered Lasix 40 mg po BID. The patient has the following morning labs: Na+ 148, BNP 900, K+ 2.0, and BUN 10. Which of the following is a nursing priority? A. Administer the Lasix as ordered B. Notify the physician of the BNP level C. Assess the patient for edema D. Hold the dose and notify the physician of the potassium level
What is D? Normal K+ levels are 3.5 - 5.0. The patient currently has a low potassium level. Priority nursing intervention is to notify the MD of the low level and request K+ supplement prior to beginning the Lasix dose as Lasix is a loop diuretic and will therefore cause a further decrease in the potassium level.