Cardiomyopathies
Stress cardiomyopathy predominantly affects what patient population?
Post-menopausal women
What physical exam finding is associated with acute pericarditis?
Pericardial friction rub
What murmur radiates to the carotid arteries?
Aortic stenosis
Duke criteria is useful for diagnosis of what clinical disorder?
Infective endocarditis
Which murmur radiates to the axilla?
Mitral regurgitation
Autosomal dominant
What is the physical exam finding associated with pericardial effusion?
What is the most common cause of mitral regurgitation in the US?
Mitral valve prolapse
What diagnostic test is essential to make the diagnosis of infective endocarditis?
ECHO
What are the 3 components of Dressler's syndrome?
1. Fever
2. Pericardial effusion
3. Chest pain s/p MI
1. EKG - LBBB
2. CXR - Cardiomegatly
3. ECHO - LV dilation & dysfunction
4. ECHO - Decreased EF
1 Increased JVP
2 Kussmal’s sign
3 Pericardial, “knock”
1. Mid-late crescendo systolic murmur heard best at apex
2. Mid-late systolic ejection click heard best at apex
Infective endocarditis in a patient who is an IV drug user will most likely affect what valve?
Chronic myocarditis can lead to what clinical sequelae?
Dilated cardiomyopathy
What is the test to diagnose stress cardiomyopathy and what will indicate (+) findings?
1. Cardiac cath
2. (+) findings: Left apical ballooning in association with normal coronary arteries
What are the 3 components of Beck's triad?
1. JVD
2. Muffled heart sounds
3. Hypotension
What murmur can be associated with an Austin Flint murmur?
Aortic regurgitation
What rash is associated with Rheumatic fever?
Erythema Marginatum
What is first line therapy for Dressler's syndrome?
ASA + Colchicine
What will be the (+) findings on endomyocardial biopsy in a patient with restrictive cardiomyopathy due to amyloidosis?
Apple-green birefringence with Congo red-staining
What are the 3 ECHO findings in a patient with pericardial constriction?
1 Increased pericardial thickness
2 Septal “bounce”
3 Square root sign
Describe the Graham Steel murmur and what valvular abnormality is it associated with?
- Brief, diastolic decrescendo murmur heard best at the left upper sternal border
- Associated with Pulmonic regurgitation
What are the 5 major criteria of Jones criteria?
1. Erythema Marginatum
2. Sydenham’s Chorea
3. Subcutaneous nodules
4. Carditis
5. Polyarthritis
What is the target INR range for a patient with mechanical valve replacement?
2.5-3.5