Diagnostics
Cardiac test that involves using ten leads to obtain twelve views of the heart's electrical activity
What is a 12 lead EKG (ECG)?
When connecting a patient to continuous cardiac monitoring using 5 leads, this color lead is placed on the lower left abdomen
What is the red lead?
This type of angina occurs with exercise or emotional stress and is usually resolved with rest or one dose of Nitroglycerin
What is Stable Angina?
With this type of Heart Failure, blood backs up throughout the body, leading to venous congestion, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and edema
What is Right-Sided Heart Failure?
This is the main cause of Peripheral Artery Disease
What is Atherosclerosis?
This diagnostic panel shows the amounts of different cholesterol types that are present in a person's body
What is a Lipid Panel?
During a normal heart beat, the P wave is representative of this part of the cardiac cycle
What is Atrial Depolarization (Contraction)?
In Acute Coronary Syndrome, the abrupt interruption of oxygen to the heart muscle leads to this (2 words)
What is Myocardial Ischemia?
The presence of pink, frothy sputum is indicative of this type of Heart Failure
What is Left-Sided Heart Failure?
This symptom of PAD involves pain with walking or exercise that is relieved by rest
What is Intermittent Claudication?
This diagnostic test involves passing a small transducer down into the esophagus to get clear ultrasonic views of the heart
What is a Transesophageal Electrocardiogram (TEE)?
This part of the heartbeat represents Ventricular Repolarization
What is the T wave?
This type of Myocardial Infarction involves the ST segment being elevated above the isoelectric line
What is a STEMI (ST-elevated Myocardial Infarction)?
This lab test is used when diagnosing Heart Failure as well as determining how well Heart Failure is being managed
What is B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)?
Patients with Peripheral Venous Disease should have their legs positioned like this to improve comfort and blood flow back to the heart
What is positioned with legs elevated (above the level of the heart)?
Prior to a Cardiac Stress test, a patient should be taught to report three symptoms (should they occur during the test)
What are Shortness of Air/Breath (SOA), Chest Pain, Dizziness or Lightheadedness?
A patient in this cardiac rhythm will have no clear P waves and will have QRS complexes that are irregular
What is Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib)?
Angina (tight, squeezing, and crushing feelings), anxiety, tachycardia, tachypnea, dizziness and diaphoresis are all symptoms of this
What is Acute Coronary Syndrome?
This Inotropic agent is used to treat Heart Failure by decreasing contractility, thereby improving cardiac output
What is Digoxin?
This can be a complication of Chronic Venous Disease and involves one extremity becoming very red and edematous - it needs to be treated immediately
What is a Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) (If in a deep vein - Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT))?
What is Coronary Angiography?
A patient in this cardiac rhythm will have no clear P waves or QRS complexes, but due to the presence of electrical activity, the correct treatment is CPR and Defibrillation
What is Ventricular Fibrillation (V-fib)?
These are the four actions or interventions that should be started immediately for a patient with Acute Coronary Syndrome
What is M. O. N. A. (Morphine, Oxygen, Nitroglycerin and Aspirin)?
This type of medication is commonly used to treat heart failure, but they can cause ototoxicity, photophobia, and hypokalemia
What are Loop Diuretics (Furosemide (Lasix) and Bumetanide (Bumex)?
An abrupt discontinuation of medications used to treat HTN can cause this
What is rebound Hypertension?