Heart Failure
Arrythmias
Valvular disorders
ACS
Congenital Heart Disease
100
For how long do you have to wait until you can consider ICD placement in HFrEF?
What are 3 months?
100
This type of intervention is recommended for patients with hemodynamically unstable AF.
What is cardioversion?
100
This heart sound, often heard in mitral stenosis, occurs shortly after the second heart sound and is caused by the abrupt halting of the stiff mitral valve during diastole.
What is an opening snap?
100
When transferring a STEMI patient from a non-PCI hospital, PCI should be performed within this maximum number of minutes from the first medical contact.
What is 120 minutes?
100
What congenital heart abnormality is a fixed splitting of S2 associated with?
What is ASD?
200
Name one etiology that can cause low pro-BNP levels?
What is obesity?
200
In the CHADS-VASc score, this many points are assigned for a history of stroke, TIA, or thromboembolic disease.
What is 2 points?
200
What is the anticoagulant of choice for patient with mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation?
What is warfarin?
200
For a diagnosis of STEMI, men must have ST elevation of at least this many millimeters in leads V2 and V3.
What is 2 mm?
200
A chest x-ray shows inferior rib notching. What congenital heart disease is this finding associated with?
What is aortic coarctation?
300
This drug combination is recommended as an alternative when ACE inhibitors or ARBs cannot be tolerated in HFrEF.
What is hydralazine plus nitrates?
300
These three types of medications should not be started in patients with AF and WPW syndrome due to the risk of worsening the arrhythmia.
Name 1 and get the points.
What are calcium channel blockers, β-blockers, and digoxin?
300
What is the preferred intervention for an 81-year-old man with dyspnea and severe aortic stenosis?
What is TAVI?
300
A blood pressure greater than this threshold is a contraindication for thrombolytic therapy in ACS patients.
What is 180/110 mm Hg?
300
This syndrome, characterized by pulmonary hypertension and right-to-left shunt reversal, is a late complication of a large unrepaired VSD.
What is Eisenmenger syndrome?
400
This class of medications should not be prescribed to patients with decompensated heart failure due to their potential to worsen symptoms.
What are β-blockers?
400
This treatment is the first-line intervention for a stable patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome who presents with atrial fibrillation and a wide-complex tachycardia.
What is IV procainamide?
400
What is the target therapeutic INR in a patient with a mechanical mitral valve?
What is 2.5-3.5?
400
Based on the EKG, what is likely occluded artery?
What is RCA?
400
A 35-year-old woman reports cold feet and leg cramping when walking long distances. BP is 160/90 mm Hg. Cardiac examination shows a sustained apical impulse, an early systolic ejection sound, and an early systolic murmur at the upper right sternal border. What is the potential congenital heart disease?
What is aortic coarctation?
500
In patients with LVEF ≤35% and NYHA class II-IV, this device improves LVEF and reduces symptoms and mortality when LBBB is present with a QRS duration >150 ms.
What is cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)?
500
What does this EKG show?
What is third degree heart block?
500
This ejection fraction threshold in asymptomatic patients is an indication for aortic valve replacement in severe aortic stenosis.
What is less than 50%?
500
57-year-old male develops chest pain 3 days s/p stent placement in LAD. EKG shown below. What is the diagnosis?
What is pericarditis?
500
When this vessel remains open after birth, it creates a pathway between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, affecting circulation.
What is PDA?
600
This drug is used to treat HFrEF patients with EF ≤35% in sinus rhythm with a heart rate ≥70/min despite maximal β-blocker therapy.
What is ivabradine?
600
What does this EKG show?
What is multifocal atrial tachycardia?
600
These medications are used as a bridge to surgery in patients with acute severe aortic regurgitation.
What are sodium nitroprusside and IV diuretics?
600
In unstable angina/NSTEMI, a TIMI score above this threshold suggests the need for early revascularization rather than predischarge stress testing.
What is 2 (i.e., intermediate to high risk scores of 3-7)?
600
Surgical closure of an ASD is contraindicated in patients with this shunt direction due to pulmonary hypertension.
What is right-to-left shunt reversal?