Cardiovascular Pathologies
Valve dysfunction that increases the workload of the left ventricle by increasing resistance during cardiac output
What is aortic stenosis?
Purpose of Gold's Criteria
What is - used to indicate severity of COPD?
Purpose of stacked breathing
What is - increasing ventilatory volume in patients with restrictive pulmonary disorders?
Restrictive disorder - Occurs in coal miners and/or people living in regions where they are exposed to coal dust in the air
What is black lung disease or coal workers pneumoconiosis?
What is bradycardia?
Part of the CNS that regulates involuntary respiration
What is the brain stem (pons and medulla)?
Most common cause of left ventricular hypertrophy
What is primary HTN?
Primary impairments found on PFTs of patients with obstructive disorders
What are decreased FEV1 and FEV1/FVC?
Precautions for percussion and vibration during postural drainage
What is osteoporosis/osteopenia, prolonged steroid therapy, known rib fractures, and/or known pulmonary malignancy and/or bone (rib) metastases?
This condition causes a VQ mismatch because of fluid accumulation in the alveolar spaces
What is pulmonary edema?
EKG shows every other beat is a PVC
What is bigeminy?
Three conditions that favor oxyhemoglobin dissociation to allow O2 delivery to peripheral tissues
What is: lower pH, higher DPG, and higher tissue temperature?
Causes unpredictable onset of chest pain and reduced cardiac output due to coronary artery vasospasm
What is Prinzmetal angina?
Primary impairments on PFTs in patients with restrictive lung pathologies like idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
What is decreased FVC?
Movement restrictions for patients s/p sternotomy
What is "Move in the Tube" - avoid horizontal abduction, shoulder extension?
This condition causes an increase in residual volume, increased costal angle, increased AP chest diameter, and flattened diaphragm
What is emphysema?
Most specific cardiac enzyme indicating acute myocardial infarct
What is CPK-MB?
Effect of sympathetic nervous system input on cardiac function
What is increased cardiac output because of increased HR and increased myocardial contractility?
NYHA Functional Classification for CHF where patients are comfortable at rest, but require assistance with ADLs
What is Stage III CHF?
Lung volumes used to calculate vital capacity
What is tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume + inspiratory reserve volume?
Recommended workload (in METS) for Phase III cardiac rehab
What is 5-6 METS?
Pathology affecting pulmonary function in premature infants due to insufficient amounts of lung surfactant
What is hyaline membrane disease?
This EKG change represents a delay in conductance between the AV node and the Bundle of His
What is a prolonged QRS duration?
Common side-effects of beta-blockers
What is orthostasis and blunted HR response?
Can cause cardiac tamponade, sharp substernal pain, and reduced cardiac output due to fluid around the heart
What is pericarditis?
Condition resulting in decreased blood pH, increased pCO2, decreased pO2, and normal HCO3 -typically a result of hypoventilation
What is uncompensated respiratory acidosis?
Typical treatment for persistent, recurrent atrial fibrillation
What is PPM placement?
Restrictive pathology that also affects the eyes and skin
What is sarcoidosis?
These 3 tests indicates the effectiveness of anticoagulant treatment in patients with DVTs
What is INR, PT, and PTT?
possible side effects include dry cough, dizziness, headache, angioedema
What are ACE inhibitors?
Can manifest as acute LBP with decreased LE peripheral pulses, along with an abdominal bruit
What is an abdominal aortic aneurysm?
Respiratory pattern typically exhibited by patients at end of life
What is Cheynne-Stokes respiration?
Device used to improve cardiac output in a patient with persistent afib
What is a PPM?
Cause unknown - results in hardening of lung parenchyma with reduced lung volume
What is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
This blood test can indicate the presence of a pulmonary embolus
What is the D-dimer?
Spinal levels associated with innervation of the diaphragm
What is C3,4 and 5?
This pathology causes a mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood because of an abnormal opening between the aorta and pulmonary artery
What is patent ductus arteriosus?
Breath sounds and special testing findings in a patient with pneumonia
What is crackles, (+) egophony, bronchophony, whispered pectoriloquy?
Purpose of an IABP
What is - improve myocardial perfusion in a patient with severe CHF or dilated cardiomyopathy?
Typical intervention for large pneumothorax or hemothorax
What is chest tube insertion?
Reasons to terminate a graded exercise test
What are signs of reduced cardiac output, EKG changes showing ischemia, patient requests to terminate, angina/anginal equivalents, reaches HRmax?
Medications given to reduce risk of blood clots in patients with atrial fibrillation - do not require lab tests to monitor bleeding times
What are NOACs or novel anticoagulants - e.g. - Apixaban (Eliquis), Rivaroxaban (Xarelto), and/or Dabigatran (Pradaxa)?