Basics
Inspiratory reserve volume definition and value
3,100 mL – Additional air that can be forcibly inhaled after the inspiration of a normal tidal volume
During aquatic therapy, a patient is immersed to the level of sternoclavicular notch. What would we expect to see for their venous return- inc or dec?
Increased venous return
Angina Pectoris
Occurs due to imbalance between myocardial O2 demand and supply.
CF: Levine sign
• Discomfort found in - chest, neck, or jaw
• Described in terms of- dull ache, tightness, fullness burning, pressure, indigestion or neck or jaw discomfort
The physical therapist decided to use
postural drainage for airway clearance.
The physical therapist positions the patient in a seated position leaning forward over a folded pillow. Based on this position, which lobe is MOST LIKELY being drained?
Posterior apical segments of upper lobe
Antiarrhythmic drugs + Antihypertensives
B Blockers and Ca Channel Blockers
Vesicular lung sound
Inspiratory longer than expiratory, soft, low pitch, over most of lungs
closure of mitral and tricuspid valves, onset of systole
Myocardial infarction
Prolonged Ischemia leads to infarction due to death of the tissues (heart attack)
CF:
• Prolonged ischemia
• Chest pain radiating to jaw, left arm, back
• SOB, Diaphoresis- due to SNS activation
• Fatigue
• Cold extremities
• Syncope confusion, pallor
Troponins remains for a week in the body.
A patient with chronic congestive heart failure was recently admitted to the hospital. For prophylactic respiratory care is most likely to be CONTRAINDICATED?
Vigorous chest vibrations, with the foot of the bed elevated
Impaired glucose tolerance (insulin resistance)
100-125 mg/dL
Wheeze lung sound
A high-pitched sound heard in expiration, caused by airway obstruction (asthma, COPD, or aspiration of any foreign body). In severe constriction it may be heard in inspiration as well.
Mitral valve auscultation
5th IC space, left midclavicular line
Pneumothorax
Air in pleural cavity due to rib fracture+trauma to visceral pleura
-Trachea+medial sternum shift to oppsite side that is effected
-fremitus inc
-percussion inc
-X-ray: hyperucent
A 65-year-old individual has limited endurance with no history of cardiorespiratory problems. Exercise tolerance test was negative for coronary heart disease. What is the BEST initial exercise prescription for this individual?
A. 90-100% HR max
B. 60-70% HR max
C. 40-50% HR max
D. 30-40% of HR max
B. 60-70% HR max
Glycosylated Hb (A1C) value to require immediate insulin therapy
>10%
Stage 1 BP value
Systolic between 130-139 or diastolic between 80-89
Increased vocal resonance with greater clarity and loudness of spoken words. Example “99”.
Bronchophony
Cystic Fibrosis Early Stages
failure to thrive, weight loss, w/out anorexia, meconiumileus (bowel obstruction)
Phase III Cardiac Rehab interventions
• F - 2-3 sessions/week
• I - 70%-to-85% of the peak achieved on the test (e.g., HR max)
• T - 30-60 minutes with 5-10 min of warm up and cool down
• T - Single mode of training (e.g, walking) or multiple modes using (e.g, treadmill, cycle, ergometer)
Diuretics side effects
Hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hyponatremia, dehydration, orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia, dizziness, lethargy, dizziness.
Ejection Fraction (EF)
% of blood ejected from the ventricle per beat (normal: 55–70%)
HCO3 24 mEq/L
PaC02 20 mmHg
pH 7.50
Respiratory alkalosis
Moderate COPD
50% < Fev1 < 80%
-SOB with exertion
-with or without production of cough and sputum production
Weight Reduction Guidelines for Obesity
Minimum: 250-300 min/week is required
Frequency: Greater than 5 days/week to maximize caloric expenditure
Intensity: Initially moderate – 40-60% V02, Progression to >60 %
Time: From 45-60 min/day
Type: Moderate exercise – Aerobic, resistance and flexibility exercise
ACE Inhibitors side effects
Orthostatic hypotension, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia.
DRY HACKING COUGH, Decreased taste perception, angioedema.