cardiac pathology +
This condition is a localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel, usually an artery.
What is an aneurysm?
This lung infection causes inflammation of the alveoli, which may fill with fluid or pus, leading to cough, fever, and difficulty breathing.
What is pneumonia?
These five measurements are considered the standard vital signs in healthcare.
What are heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, body temperature, and oxygen saturation?
These medications lower heart rate and blood pressure by blocking the effects of adrenaline, and are often prescribed for hypertension and heart disease.
What are beta-blockers?
This technique uses cycles of breathing control, thoracic expansion exercises, and forced expirations to clear secretions.
What is the active cycle of breathing?
This disease is characterized by fatty plaque buildup in the inner lining of arteries, leading to narrowed blood flow.
What is atherosclerosis?
This condition is caused by excess fluid in the lungs, often due to left-sided heart failure, leading to shortness of breath and crackles on auscultation.
What is pulmonary edema?
This lung volume is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal exhalation.
What is functional residual volume?
These medications prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, helping lower blood pressure and reduce heart strain.
What are ACE inhibitors?
This technique involves controlled breathing at different lung volumes to mobilize mucus without excessive coughing.
What is autogenic drainage?
This condition results from damaged vein valves in the legs, leading to pooling of blood, swelling, and varicose veins.
What is chronic venous insufficiency?
This chronic condition involves airway inflammation and narrowing, causing wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and reversible airflow obstruction.
What is asthma?
This heart sound, often called the “dub,” is associated with closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves.
What is S2?
These medications lower cholesterol by inhibiting an enzyme in the liver, reducing risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
What are statins?
These techniques use forced expirations to help move secretions; one uses a strong effort while the other is a gentler exhalation.
What are directed cough and huffing?
This progressive condition occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs, leading to fatigue, shortness of breath, and edema.
What is congestive heart failure?
This long-term condition is marked by chronic productive cough lasting at least 3 months in 2 consecutive years due to mucus hypersecretion.
What is chronic bronchitis?
This diagnostic test compares blood pressure at the ankle and arm to detect peripheral artery disease.
What is the ankle-brachial index (ABI)?
These medications relax blood vessels and are commonly used to relieve angina by improving blood flow to the heart.
What are nitrates?
This positioning technique uses gravity to help drain secretions from specific lung segments.
What is postural drainage?
This condition involves narrowing or blockage of peripheral arteries, often in the legs, leading to pain with walking.
What is peripheral artery disease?
This progressive lung disease includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis, leading to airflow limitation and reduced gas exchange.
What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
What year was PIMA founded?
What is 1972
These medications block acetylcholine in the airways, leading to bronchodilation, and are commonly used in COPD management.
What are anticholinergics?
These manual techniques are applied over the chest wall during breathing to loosen and move mucus toward larger airways.
What are percussion and vibration?