Anatomy 6
Pec major & pec minor; scalenes; SCM
What are these?
Primary accessory muscles
If there is too much pressure on the outside, then we see _____ changes
Structural changes like barrel chest in COPD patients.
What is tidal volume?
Normal breathing
Nerve supply to the diaphragm and the spinal levels?
Phrenic N ; C3,4,5 keeps the diaphragm alive
Lungs ability to recoil back to original dimension
Elastance
Highly (-) at start of inspiration; highly (+) at start of expiration
Chest wall pressure
Serratus posterior and inferior; QL
Inspiratory muscle assist
Lungs ability to stretch/distend with increased pressure; lungs ability to resist elastic recoil; volume control
Compliance
Influenced by surface tension to generate inspiration; create volume change
Alveolar pressure
Stabilize the rib; concentric contractions; lateral and superior expansion in lower chest; anterior and superior expansion in upper chest; medial and inferior compression in the lower; posterior and inferior in upper chest during forceful exhalation
Intercostal muscles
What is the functional residual capacity (FRC) equation?
Compliance/Elastance
Balance point where airway and alveolar pressure vs. chest wall pressure reaches 0
FRC
What are the primary muscles of expiration?
NONE
Compliance and elastic recoil (elastance) are ______ related
Inversely
Upper trap; levator scap; erector spinae
Accessory muscle assistance to a lesser extent
These muscles provide positive pressure support for the diaphragm and provide pressure for cough?
Abdominal muscles