Cardiac A&P
This chamber receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava
Right Atrium
This is the primary muscle responsible for quiet inspiration.
Diaphragm
This ECG wave represents atrial depolarization.
P Wave
This PFT measures the amount of air forcibly exhaled during the first second of a forced expiration.
FEV₁
During exercise, a patient's SpO₂ drops from 96% to 88%. What should the PTA do first?
Stop or reduce the activity and assess the patient and vital signs.
This valve prevents backflow from the left ventricle into the left atrium.
Mitral Valve
This is the primary location where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.
Alveoli
This portion of the ECG represents ventricular depolarization.
QRS Complex
A decreased FEV₁/FVC ratio is most characteristic of what type of pulmonary disease?
Obstructive
A patient becomes pale, sweaty, dizzy, and reports feeling faint during exercise. What should the PTA do?
Stop the exercise immediately and assess the patient/vital signs.
This is the amount of blood ejected by the heart with each contraction.
Stroke Volume
This term describes the movement of air into and out of the lungs.
Ventilation
A patient has an irregularly irregular rhythm with no clearly identifiable P waves. What arrhythmia is most likely?
Atrial Fibrillation (Afib)
A patient has a pH of 7.30, PaCO₂ of 55 mmHg, and HCO₃⁻ of 24 mEq/L. What is the primary acid-base disturbance?
Uncompensated Respiratory Acidosis
A patient with COPD is having difficulty controlling their breathing during exercise. What breathing technique can help reduce air trapping?
Pursed Lip Breathing
A patient has a heart rate of 80 bpm and a stroke volume of 75 mL. What is the patient's cardiac output?
6,000 mL/min (6 L/min)
This process describes the movement of oxygen from the alveoli into the pulmonary capillaries.
Diffusion
A patient has a rapid rhythm with wide QRS complexes and a ventricular rate of 160 bpm. What potentially dangerous arrhythmia should be suspected?
Ventricular Tachycardia (VT)
A patient has a pH of 7.30, PaCO₂ of 55 mmHg, and HCO₃⁻ of 30 mEq/L. Is this respiratory acidosis compensated, partially compensated, or uncompensated?
Partially compensated respiratory acidosis
A patient develops chest pressure that radiates into the left arm during treadmill walking. What potentially serious cardiac condition should be suspected?
Myocardial ischemia/angina
A patient has an EDV of 140 mL and an ESV of 60 mL. What is the patient's ejection fraction?
57%
A patient has adequate ventilation but poor blood flow to portions of the lung. What term describes this mismatch?
Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch
This cardiac rhythm is characterized by chaotic electrical activity with no effective ventricular contraction and requires immediate defibrillation.
Ventricular Fibrillation (VFib)
A patient has a pH of 7.48, PaCO₂ of 30 mmHg, and HCO₃⁻ of 23 mEq/L. What is the primary acid-base disturbance?
Uncompensated Respiratory Alkalosis
During gait training, a patient suddenly develops severe shortness of breath, chest pain, tachycardia, and an unexplained drop in SpO₂. What potentially life-threatening condition should the PTA suspect?
Pulmonary Embolism (PE)