cardiopulm system roles
______ is the term for air entering and leaving the lungs.
______ is the term for gas exchange occuring in the lungs
ventilation
respiration
normal resp rate is :
__ to ___ mL of air are involved in each breath
12-20
350-500
-pulmonary diffusion has 2 purposes:
-pulm diffusion is the gas exchange between:
-replenish blood O2, remove CO2, and slay the day
-alveoli and capillaries
-exercise causes more uniform blood distribution to lungs, _____ing cardiac output distends capillaries and ____ resistance
-increasing, decreases
Dalton's law states the total air pressure equals:
the sum of all partial pressures of the individual gasses
-a lipoprotein that prevents lungs from collapsing :
-the term for alveolar collapse or collapsed lung:
surfactant
atelectasis
-increased or decreased expiratory pressure assists with circulation?
-elastic recoil of lungs and diaphragm is ___ expiration
-increased
-passive
-pulm. diffusion: resp membrane; describe the formula. Rate = what?
-PO2 and PCO2 vary depending on:
-(A x D x delta P) / T AKA area x diffusion constant , partial pressure difference , membrane thickness
-location in lung
describe how the levels of CO2 and O2 in the blood are affected by exercise
-increased CO2 in mixed venous blood returning to lung; decreased O2 in mixed venous blood returning to lung
Fick's equation states the rate of gas transfer equals the difference of which 2 partial pressures?
one side of the membrane minus the other side
these 2 are responsible for automatic breathing
this is responsible for conscious change in breathing
-medulla and pons
-motor cortex - frontal lobe
name at least 3 factors affecting inspiration
bonus: diaphragm moves ___ inch, and moves __to __ inches with max effort
posture / positioning - obesity / central adiposity - nerve damage (phrenic nerve) - pregnancy - acities - air pressure - full stomach
bonus: 2/3 of an inch, 2.5-4 inches
conducting air passage; which 3 parts perform gas exchange?
respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs
with exercise, systemic BP increases, opens which portion of the lungs for perfusion and gas exchange?
-with exercise, the Hg O2 dissociation curve shifts:
top 2/3
-right
Henry's law states the amount of gas that dissolves in a liquid is directly proportional to the amount of gas where? (not in my stomach)
in the surrounding air
-bony thorax has 2 roles:
-thoracic cage has 5 components
-protection and skeletal framework for muscles to attach to
-connective tissue, fascia, muscles, vessels, nerves
these are in vessel walls of the lungs and can detect change in blood pH to change RR
-my own bonus: explain the correlation between hyper / hypo ventilation its effect on blood pH
chemoreceptors
hyperventilation causes expulsion of more co2, increasing pH. hypoventilation causes retention of co2, decreasing pH
-3 factors that can change loading / unloading of O2 and CO2 from blood
-resting O2 diffusion capacity is:
-max exercise O2 diffusion capacity is by _x
-pH, temp, exercise
-21 mL O2/min/mmHg of gradient
-3x
the 2 fold increase in minute ventilation involves ___ followed by secondary ____, promoting gas exchange
abrupt, gradual increase
Boyle's law states pressure and volume have what kind of relationship at a constant temp?
inversely proportionate
___ pleura is deep and adheres to lung
___ pleura is superficial and lines the internal thoracic cavity, diaphragm, pericardial sac
name 3-5 pleuritic complications
visceral
parietal
pleural effusion, pneumothorax, hemothorax, empyema, pleuritis
-this is a diagnostic tool for resp disease
-the amount of air inhaled or exhaled at rest:
-the amount of air left after forceful exp.
-the amount of air left after normal exp.
-spirometry
-tidal volume 350-500mL
-RV
-FRC
-CO2 transported in lungs by venous blood by 3 forms:
-my bonus: why would Olivia push bicarb into an IV during a cardiac arrest?
( `-` ),, guin pig sleeping
-dissolved in plasma, bound to plasma and HgB, as BICARBONATE*
-idk u have to explain that one
GREAT JOB YOURE DOING AMAZING AND YOU LOOK SO CUTE RN!!!!
(- . -,),, guin pig sleeping
Poiseullie's law states airflow resistance equals ____ minus ____ over ____
(Pathmosphere - Palveolar) / airflow rate