Cardiovascular Vocab
Which blood vessels bring blood away from the heart?
Arteries
The two heart chambers located on the top of the heart are called:
Atria (right and left atrium)
What does inspiration mean?
Inhalation; breathing in
What does expiration mean?
Exhalation, breathing out
What is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide called?
Which type of blood vessel is the smallest and is the site of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange (diffusion)
capillaries
In which heart chamber is the sinoatrial (SA) node located?
Right atrium
The cardiovascular system and respiratory system work together to provide the body with what gas?
Oxygen; O2
The cardiovascular system and respiratory system work together to remove which waste product from the body?
Carbon dioxide, CO2
What does "pulmonary" mean?
"Lungs"
“The amount of blood pumped out per beat/contraction” is known as:
Stroke volume
Which heart chamber gathers deoxygenated blood returning to the heart from the superior and inferior vena cava veins?
Right atrium
Name one muscle of inspiration
Diaphragm, external intercostals, sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, pectoralis minor
What are the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles doing during normal, passive expiration?
Relaxing
What are 4 locations where diffusion occurs?
1. lungs
2. capillaries
3. alveoli
4. alveolar sacs
The volume of blood pumped through the heart per minute, depicted by the equation: Q = HR x SV (mL blood/min)
Cardiac output
Which heart chamber receives deoxygenated blood and pumps it to the lungs?
Right ventricle
What muscles are contracting during normal/passive inspiration?
External intercostals and diaphragm
What are the SCM, scalenes, and pectoralis minor doing during heavy, forced, deep expiration?
Relaxing
What are the two respiratory airways?
Alveoli and alveolar sacs
Explain what change would lead to an increase in cardiac output.
Increased heart rate, if someone began working out, etc.
Which heart chamber receives oxygenated blood and pumps it to the body?
Left ventricle
Explain what the diaphragm, external intercostals, scalenes, sternocleidomastoid, and pectoralis minor are doing during ACTIVE/HEAVY inspiration?
Contracting to expand the rib cage as wide as possible; the diaphragm and external intercostals pull the rib cage wide and allow lungs to expand down into the abdomen, the SCM, scalenes and pec minor pull the top of the rib cage up to allow the top of the lungs to expand.
Which two muscles are contracting during heavy, active, deep expiration?
Describe abnormal breathing patterns
shallow, rapid breaths using the sternocleidomastoid and upper chest.