labs
Coagulation tests
PT/INR
PTT
How should a pulse be taken and why
Counted for a full minute due to abnormal beats
Pt prep for CXR
Put in a gown, Make sure not metal necklaces or underwire bras are on patient.
What labs determines anemia
RBC
pain heat redness edema
venous
This is elevated first during a cardiac event
Troponin
Name 2 common heart disorders related to aging
atherosclerosis
CHF, Angina, valve disorders, MI, PVD, LVH
Patient prep for EKG (ECG)
None,
Make sure skin clean and dry
3 things the body does to compensate for decreased RBCs
increases HR, and RR
redistributes blood away from skin
increases production of erythropoeitin
sudden onset of pain, cyanosis, cold, pale
arterial
CHF indicator and parameter
Beta-natruetic Peptide BNP (0-100)
Older patient's should be monitored for what type of blood pressure changes?
orthostatic hypotension
Pt prep for heart cath
informed consent
NPO
Allergies
Assess peripheral pulses prior to procedure
How much blood loss does it take to produce serious effects from acute bleeding
1000 mL
In an arterial clot the extremity should be (elevated, dependent position?
dependent
ABG parameters
pH 7.35-7.45
CO2 35-45
HCO3 22-26
What happens to our vessels as we age?
Sclerosis
What is monitored after patient heart cath
Pulses distal to the site,
site for bleeding/hematoma formation
Vital Signs
Heart rhythm
Renal status
Iron deficient patients should increase what in diet to help with deficiencey?
liver, oysters, red meats, fish, dried meats, legumes,
dark green veggies, iron rich cereals, breads
treatment for arterial clot
Meds (heparin)
elevation
compression stockings
Most lethal to the heart when abnormal
K (3.5-5)
Name 2 heart related changes in the elderly
decreased contractility
thickened valves
stiffened valves
decreased SA nodal cells
Pt prep before transesophageal echo
NPO
Informed consent
Key factor to decrease risk of sickle cell anemia crisis
hydration
How to test for a venous clot?
Homan's