Cardiovascular Basics
This is known as the heart's natural pacemaker.
What is SA node?
These are the A, B, C, Ds of cardio drug therapy
What is ACE inhibitors and ARBs, Beta blockers, Calcium channel blockers, and Digoxin and Diuretics.
Chest pain caused by decreased oxygen to the heart muscle is called this.
What is angina?
Bulging, twisted superficial veins in the legs are called this.
What are varicose veins?
This diagnostic procedure uses an ultrasound probe placed into the esophagus to obtain detailed pictures of the heart structures and valves.
What is a transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)?
Bleeding, hematoma formation, dysrhythmias, infection, and contrast dye reactions are potential complications of this procedure.
What is cardiac catheterization?
Heart rate x stroke volume equals this.
What is cardiac output?
This class of medications lowers blood pressure by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, causing blood vessels to relax.
What is ACE inhibitors?
This diagnostic test measures the electrical activity of the heart.
What is an ECG/EKG?
A blood clot that forms in a deep vein is called this.
What is deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
This cardiac diagnostic test evaluates how the heart responds to exercise or increased activity and may help identify coronary artery disease.
What is stress test?
Before an angiography, the nurse should immediately notify the provider if the patient reports allergies to iodine or shellfish because of the risk for this complication.
What is an allergic reaction to contrast dye?
This is the amount of PRESSURE used to pump blood out of the ventricles.
What is afterload?
This class of medication, such as digoxin, increases the strength of heart contractions and is commonly used to treat heart failure and certain dysrhythmias.
What are cardiac glycosides?
A myocardial infarction is also known as this.
What is a heart attack?
This disorder causes fingers and toes to turn white or blue when exposed to cold or stress.
What is Raynaud disease?
This is needed before any diagnostic procedure is performed?
What is informed consent?
An elevated level of this cardiac biomarker may indicate damage to the heart muscle following a myocardial infarction.
What is troponin?
his term refers to the stretching pressure inside the ventricles before contraction.
What is preload?
A rapid rise in body temperature, muscle rigidity, tachycardia, and elevated carbon dioxide levels after anesthesia may indicate this life-threatening complication.
What is malignant hyperthermia?
This condition occurs when the left side of the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs, leading to pulmonary congestion and shortness of breath.
What is left-sided heart failure?
A weakened, ballooning area in an artery wall is called this.
What is an aneurysm?
This invasive diagnostic procedure uses a catheter inserted into a blood vessel and guided to the heart to evaluate coronary artery patency and heart function.
What is cardiac catheterization?
An elevated level of this laboratory test is commonly associated with heart failure and fluid overload.
What is BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide)?
The heart’s ability to squeeze and pump effectively is called this.
What is contractility?
This medication is commonly administered to treat symptomatic bradycardia by increasing the heart rate.
What is atropine sulfate?
Crackles in the lungs, edema, and shortness of breath are common signs of this cardiac condition.
What is congestive heart failure?
This vascular disorder occurs when fatty plaque builds up in the arteries, reducing blood flow to the tissues.
What is peripheral arterial disease (PAD)?
This diagnostic procedure uses contrast dye and X-ray imaging to visualize blood vessels and detect blockages or narrowing.
What is angiography?
This blood test measures total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglyceride levels to assess cardiovascular risk.
What is a lipid profile?
This is the innermost layer of a blood vessel where plaque buildup begins in atherosclerosis.
What is the intima?
This body system helps regulate blood pressure and fluid balance through the release of renin, angiotensin, and aldosterone.
What is the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?
This cardiac disorder occurs when the heart beats in an irregular rhythm, which may decrease cardiac output and increase the risk of stroke.
What is dysrhythmia (arrhythmia)?
Intermittent claudication, cool extremities, diminished pulses, and delayed wound healing are common signs and symptoms of this condition.
What is peripheral vascular disease (PVD)?
This noninvasive diagnostic test uses sound waves to evaluate heart structure, valve function, and blood flow through the heart.
What is an echocardiogram?
When administering enoxaparin (Lovenox) subcutaneously, the nurse should avoid expelling the air bubble from the prefilled syringe for what reason?
What is to ensure the full dose is administered?