Meds/Labs
This class of drugs interrupts the movement of calcium into cells of the heart and blood vessels to lower blood pressure
Calcium channel blockers
This is why angina causes chest pain
decreased oxygen to the cardiac tissue
what is the best position for CHF patient that is having orthopnea?
semi-fowler
What are the manifestations of peripheral artery disease?
thin or shiny skin, loss of hair, and deminished peripheral pulses in the affected extremity
This class of drugs decrease the HR and cardiac output by blocking the effects of adrenalin
Beta-Blockers
Slows the clotting process and prevent clumping of platelets
Anticoagulants & Antiplatelets
Characteristics of stable angina
intermittent chest pain that goes away with rest
What is the most common cardiac dysrhythmia after after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft surgery (open heart) ?
atrial fibrillation (A-fib)
What should you monitor for after the pt had surgery to improve PAD?
skin color and temperature, capillary refill, presence of pulses distal to operative site, sensation and movement of extremity
Small battery-operated device that helps the heart beat in a regular rhythm
Pacemaker
A marker of inflammation, increased in many clients with CAD
What is C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
How often and many times can you give sublingual Nitroglycerin?
every 5 minutes 3 times
Primary nursing interventions after PCI ( cardiac cath)
monitor for recurrent angina, catheter site bleeding, heart rhythm, neuro assessment of involved extremity, and keep client on bedrest
What are some nursing interventions for a client who had pacemaker placement?
teach to limit movement of the arm on the affected side, monitor vs, monitor heart rhythm
Small mesh tube that is placed in an artery to maintain restored blood flow
Stent
Cholesterol and Triglycerides levels that increase the risk of CAD
Cholesterol greater than 200
Triglycerides greater than 150
This peripheral artery disease symptom occurs with exercise as pain in the calf.
intermittent claudication
The first line of treatment for MI?
Percutaneous Cardiac Intervention (cardiac cath)
Name three lifestyle risk factors increasing the risk of CVD?
Smoking, excess alcohol intake, sedentary behaviour, high cholesterol, saturated fat and cholesterol diet.
Battery powered device that tracks heart rate and delivers an electric shock to restore a normal heart beat.
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator(ICD)
common side effects of long-acting nitrites such as Nitroglycerine
headache and orthostatic hypotension
what labs are important in diagnosing MI?
ck-mb & troponin levels
This class of drugs reduce the production of Cholesterol by the liver and are prescribed for high cholesterol
Statins
Symptoms; shortness of breath, sudden weight gain/loss, decreased appetite, edema in ankles feet, legs and abdomen, increased urination at night, enlarged heart.
Heart Failure
best time of day to administer a diuretic
in the am
check INR if taking this drug
Warfarin (coumadin)
which dysrhythmias are life threatening emergencies and require defibrillation?
V-tach with symptoms and V-fib
treatment for pulmonary edema
diuretic such as furosemide
blurred vision, anorexia, vomiting are signs of what drug toxicity
digoxin
pericardial rub is heard with which kind of cardiac infection?
pericarditis
Therapeutic blood level of Coumadin (warfarin)
2 to 3 sec
what should you assess after a pt has had cardiac catherization?
pedal pulses, vital signs, puncture site at the femoral artery, color, temp of the extremity, pain
patients with infective endocarditis will need periodic therapy lifelong with this class of medications
antibiotics
rheumatic fever is associated with kind of infectious disease?
Strep throat
what do you do if you find a patient that is unresponsive and has no pulse?
call a code and start CPR
normal range of potassium (K)
3.5-5 mEq/L
What is the treatment for the symptoms of MI?
MONA
Clopidogrel is what class of drug?
Anti platelet aggregator
which dysrhythmia puts a person at risk for blood clot in the heart?
A fib
what are some of the symptoms of right sided heart falure?
JVD, ascites, pitting edema bilateral lower extremities
what lab is associated with heart failure when elevated?
BNP
what organ do the coronary arteries supply oxygenated blood and nutrients?
heart
What are the treatments for heart failure?
diuretics, vasodilators, oxygen, ace inhibitors, digoxin, fluid restriction, sodium restriction
What are some signs of abdominal aortic aneurysm?
pulsating mass on the abdomin
sensation of heart beating in the area
bruit heard over the area
What are some signs of left sided heart faliure?
dyspnea, orthopnea, crackles in the lungs