Arrhythmias
Inflammatory Heart Disease
Name that EKG
Random
Emergency's + Surgery's
100
Supraventricular tachycardia/arrhythmia
- why? narrow QRS with rapid ventricular excitation
100
Name a cardiac condition that is an indication for dental procedure prophylaxis.
Ans: prosthetic valve, cardiac transplant patient with a cardiac valvulopathy, congenital heart disease, previous EC
100
Ventricular fibrillation
Why: Chaotic irregular deflections without identifiable P-QRS-T waves
100
What is the preferred treatment for torsade’s de pointes?
IV magnesium sulfate
100
Beck's Triad signs and symptoms
HYPOtension, JVD, Muffled Heart Sounds
200
How does ventricular rhythm differ from supraventricular rhythm?
There is a WIDE QRS with slower depolarization.
200
What ECG change can be seen in a patient with infective endocarditis?
ans: conduction delay with prolonged PR interval
200
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)
Electrocardiographic Features
- Heart rate > 100 bpm (usually 100-150 bpm; may be as high as 250 bpm).
- Irregularly irregular rhythm with varying PP, PR and RR intervals.
- At least 3 distinct P-wave morphologies in the same lead.
- Isoelectric baseline between P-waves (i.e. no flutter waves).
- Absence of a single dominant atrial pacemaker (i.e. not just sinus rhythm with frequent PACs).
- Some P waves may be nonconducted; others may be aberrantly conducted to the ventricles.
200
What is the preferred treatment for sustained ventricular fibrillation?
CPR and defibrillation
200
Definitive Treatment for Pericarditis
Pericardiectomy
300
What do monomorphic and polymorphic ventricular arrrythmias have in common?
Elevated rate and wide QRS
300
3 primary pathogens causing infective EC and an abx that will cover all three?
ans: staph, strep, enterococci; PCNs, cephalosporins, vancomycin, gentamicin, PO rifampin
300
Focal atrial tachycardia (FAT): Consistent, abnormal P wave morphology indicating an ectopic focus
300
What is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death?
Torsades De Pointes
300
Emergency pericardiocentesis is performed with a needle inserted into what intercostal space?
5th intercostal
400
Autosomal dominant condition that affects cardiac sodium channels and puts individuals at risk for polymorphic dysrhythmia?
Brugada Syndrome
400
Clinical manifestations of acute pericarditis (name three)
ans: sharp and pleuritic chest pain; pain worsened by deep inspiration, relieved by sitting; substernal pain radiating to neck, back, shoulders, and epigastrium; friction rub heard at left sternal border; flu-like symptoms; fever
400
Atrial fibrillation: Irregularly irregular ventricular rate without visible P waves
400
Which is a presenting symptoms for atrial fibrillation?
- Shortness of breath
- Heart palpitations
- Confusion
- chest pain
400
What is the primary difference between MI and Acute Pericarditis?
Diffuse ST elevations
500
Monomorphic V fib
Why? Because QRS complexes are pretty much the same.
500
Most common cause of acute pericarditis?
ans: viral infections (especially coxsackieviruses and echoviruses; also influenza, EBV, varicella, hepatitis, mumps, & HIV)
500
Torsades de pointes
Torsades de pointes (TdP) is a specific form of Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (PVT) occurring in the context of QT prolongation — it has a characteristic morphology in which the QRS complexes “twist” around the isoelectric line.
500
What population is at risk for Brugada syndrome?
Asian Males
500
ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction