A&P
The heart sound for closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves
What is S1?
The condition where lifestyle modifications are the initial treatment
What is pre-hypertension?
The area on the chest where the systolic murmur of aortic stenosis is heard best
Where is the 2nd intercostal space to the right of the sternum?
This condition is characterized by acute onset of tachypnea, increased work of breathing and increased pulmonary vascular congestion
What is pulmonary edema?
The acronym is MONA which is clinically significant for this condition
What is initial treatment for MI (MONA = morphine, oxygen, nitroglycerin, and aspirin)?
The heart sound for closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves
What is S2?
Targeting dyslipidemia, smoking, obesity, and alcohol consumption, encouraging exercise and weight control
What are modifiable risk factors?
The area on the chest where the systolic murmur of mitral regurgitation is heard best
What is the apex of the heart?
This type of heart failure is a result of an MI, cardiomyopathy or myocarditis
What is systolic heart failure?
Elevation in cardiac enzymes but no Q waves on EKG
What is NSTEMI?
The place on the chest do you auscultate the apex of the heart
What is the 5th intercostal space, left midclavicular line?
The clinical significance of the physical exam findings of xanthelasma and arcus senilis
What are physical exam findings suggestive of dyslipidemia?
This critical congenital heart defect in infants is associated with RV outflow obstruction, VSD, RV hypertrophy and aorta dextroposition
What is tetralogy of Fallot?
Therapies that can be useful in the treatment of heart failure
What are diuretics, salt restriction, beta blockers (specifically Carvedilol), and ACE inhibitors (lisinopril)?
Coronary artery is blocked with elevation in cardiac enzymes and eventual Q waves on EKG
What is STEMI?
The place on the chest when you would auscultate the base of the heart
What is the 2nd intercostal space, right and left of sternum?
Multiple electrical impulses occur within the atria causing this chaotic electrical activity
What is atrial fibrillation?
This pathologic diastolic murmur is auscultated loudest at the apex
What is mitral stenosis?
Preserved EF of >50% but the left ventricle is unable to relax often due to hypertrophy and ischemia
What is diastolic heart failure?
This class of medications for angina increases myocardial oxygen perfusion by relaxing coronary arteries, decreases myocardial workload, and decreases vasoconstriction & spasms
What are nitrates?
Lateral pressure that is exerted by a column of blood against the arterial wall
What is blood pressure?
The presence of patent foramen ovale (PFO) increases the patient's risk for this condition?
What is cerebral vascular accident (CVA)?
This systolic murmur increases with valsalva maneuver and decreases with squatting
What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
The type of heart failure where there is failure of the heart to pump blood to lungs resulting in edema/ascites
What is right-sided heart failure?
Complications of dysrhythmias, cardiogenic shock, pericarditis, ventricular aneurysms
What are post-infarction complications?