Anatomy and Function
What is known as the heart's natural pacemaker?
SA node
What does the P wave represent?
atrial depolarization
What is the main cause of CAD?
atherosclerosis
What is thickening or hardening of the arteries?
arteriosclerosis
What factors lead to a DVT?
Virchow's triad (venous stasis, damage to the vessel wall, and hypercoagulability)
What is cardiac output?
The amount of blood pumped out of the heart per minute
What does the QRS complex represent?
ventricular depolarization
What is the first-line treatment for angina?
Morphine
Oxygen
Nitroglycerin
Aspirin
(MONA)
What is the target LDL and HDL?
LDL: <100mg/dL
HDL: >40mg/dL
What diagnostic blood test measures fibrin degradation?
D-dimer
What factors affect stroke volume?
preload, afterload, and contractility
What would represent the number of boxes between waveforms?
Regularity
What is the gold standard diagnostic for CAD?
coronary angiography
What is PAD pain that occurs with activity and is relieved by rest?
intermittent claudication
What is the antidote for warfarin toxicity?
Vitamin K
Which part of the cardiac cycle occurs when the heart relaxes and fills with blood?
Diastole
How do you determine the heart rate using graph paper?
Count the number of QRS within 30 large boxes x 10 =HR
Modifiable risk factors for CAD:
tobacco use, increased cholesterol, increased LDL, decreased HDL, obesity, sedentary life, stress, increased alcohol, and decreased sleep
What are the 6 P's of acute limb ischemia?
pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis, poikilothermia
What is the most serious complication of a DVT?
pulmonary embolism
What system carries blood away from the heart? What type of blood is it?
Arterial system; oxygenated blood
What does graph paper measure?
Measures the amplitude and time
What surgery can be performed for a CAD patient?
PCI or CABG
Which hypertension has no identifiable medical cause?
Primary hypertension
Nursing interventions to prevent DVTs in a hospitalized patient:
early amublation, leg elevation, compression stockings