cardio disorders
Which disorder is characterized by elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels?
A) Atherosclerosis
B) Dyslipidemia
C) Hypertension
D) Cardiogenic Shock
Answer: B) Dyslipidemia
Which disorder is caused by a sudden blockage of an artery, often due to embolism?
A) Acute arterial occlusion
B) Chronic venous insufficiency
C) Peripheral artery disease
D) Varicose veins
Answer: A) Acute arterial occlusion
Which type of shock results from severe heart failure?
A) Hypovolemic shock
B) Distributive shock
C) Cardiogenic shock
D) Anaphylactic shock
Answer: C) Cardiogenic shock
Which lung condition is caused by fluid accumulation in the pleural space?
A) Pneumothorax
B) Pleural effusion
C) Atelectasis
D) Pulmonary embolism
Answer: B) Pleural effusion
Which chamber of the heart receives oxygen-poor blood from the body?
A) Left atrium
B) Right atrium
C) Left ventricle
D) Right ventricle
Answer: B) Right atrium
What is the primary cause of atherosclerosis?
A) Bacterial infection
B) Plaque buildup in arteries
C) Increased blood volume
D) Weak heart muscle
Answer: B) Plaque buildup in arteries
Which vascular condition is characterized by narrowed arteries reducing blood flow to the limbs?
A) Aneurysm
B) Peripheral artery disease (PAD)
C) Venous thrombosis
D) Cardiogenic shock
Answer: B) Peripheral artery disease (PAD)
Hypovolemic shock is caused by:
A) Extreme vasodilation
B) Loss of blood or fluids
C) Heart failure
D) Septic infection
Answer: B) Loss of blood or fluids
Which disorder is characterized by a collapsed lung due to air in the pleural cavity?
A) Atelectasis
B) Pulmonary embolism
C) Pneumothorax
D) COPD
Answer: C) Pneumothorax
An increase in heart rate due to the sympathetic nervous system is called:
A) Bradycardia
B) Tachycardia
C) Vasodilation
D) Hypovolemia
Answer: B) Tachycardia
Left-sided heart failure primarily leads to which complication?
A) Pulmonary congestion
B) Systemic edema
C) Liver enlargement
D) Decreased heart rate
Answer: A) Pulmonary congestion
Which vascular disorder is associated with inflammatory thrombosis in small and medium arteries, often affecting smokers?
A) Thromboangiitis obliterans
B) Atherosclerosis
C) Pulmonary embolism
D) Coronary artery disease
Answer: A) Thromboangiitis obliterans
Which type of shock is associated with widespread vasodilation and fluid leakage?
A) Distributive shock
B) Cardiogenic shock
C) Hypovolemic shock
D) Obstructive shock
Answer: A) Distributive shock
Which condition involves chronic inflammation of the bronchi and excess mucus production?
A) Emphysema
B) Chronic bronchitis
C) Pneumonia
D) Pulmonary embolism
Answer: B) Chronic bronchitis
Which valve prevents backflow from the right ventricle to the right atrium?
A) Mitral valve
B) Aortic valve
C) Tricuspid valve
D) Pulmonary valve
Answer: C) Tricuspid valve
Which condition is characterized by inflammation of the pericardium, often leading to chest pain?
A) Myocardial infarction
B) Endocarditis
C) Acute pericarditis
D) Aneurysm
Answer: C) Acute pericarditis
Raynaud disease primarily affects which part of the body?
A) Heart
B) Brain
C) Fingers and toes
D) Lungs
Answer: C) Fingers and toes
What is the primary sign of orthostatic hypotension?
A) Rapid heart rate
B) Sudden blood pressure drop when standing
C) Pulmonary congestion
D) Fever
Answer: B) Sudden blood pressure drop when standin
Which pulmonary disorder is caused by a blood clot blocking a pulmonary artery?
A) Pulmonary embolism
B) Atelectasis
C) Tuberculosis
D) COPD
Answer: A) Pulmonary embolism
Which factor most directly affects respiratory rate?
A) Blood glucose levels
B) Carbon dioxide levels
C) Oxygen saturation
D) Heart rate
Answer: B) Carbon dioxide levels
Which condition results from fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac, potentially leading to cardiac tamponade?
A) Cardiogenic shock
B) Pericardial effusion
C) Right-sided heart failure
D) Raynaud’s phenomenon
Answer: B) Pericardial effusion
What is the most common cause of varicose veins?
A) High blood pressure
B) Valvular incompetence
C) Arterial stenosis
D) Bacterial infection
Answer: B) Valvular incompetence
In cardiogenic shock, what happens to cardiac output?
A) Increases
B) Decreases
C) Remains the same
D) Doubles
Answer: B) Decreases
Which bacteria causes tuberculosis?
A) Streptococcus
B) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
C) Staphylococcus aureus
D) Escherichia coli
Answer: B) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
What is the correct order of blood flow through the heart and lungs?
A) Right atrium → Right ventricle → Lungs → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Body
B) Right atrium → Left atrium → Right ventricle → Left ventricle → Lungs
C) Left atrium → Right atrium → Right ventricle → Left ventricle → Lungs
D) Left ventricle → Left atrium → Lungs → Right atrium → Right ventricle
Answer: A) Right atrium → Right ventricle → Lungs → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Body