Respiratory A&P
The exchange of oxygen & carbon dioxide between the lungs and the environment.
What is External Respiration?
Musical, high-pitched, squeaking or whistling sounds caused by the rapid movement of air through narrowed bronchioles.
What are sibilant wheezes?
A double-layered, serous membrane that covers the entire structure. The outermost layer of the heart.
What is the pericardium?
A volume of blood that is ejected per heartbeat from the ventricles into the systemic and pulmonary circulation.
What is stroke volume?
A rapid, regular rhythm originating in the SA node, characterized by heartrate of 100 to 120 bpm.
What is sinus tachycardia?
A tubular structure extending from the base of the skull to the esophagus.
What is the pharynx? (Throat)
Short, interrupted crackling or bubbling sounds, caused by fluid, mucus or pus in the small airways and alveoli.
What are crackles?
The bulk of the heart wall. The thickest and strongest layer of the heart, composed of cardiac muscle tissue. Contraction of this tissue is responsible for pumping blood.
What is the myocardium?
A calculation that determines the amount of blood ejected out of the heart per minute. (calculation of stroke volume x heart rate).
What is cardiac output?
A slower than normal rhythm originating in the SA node, characterized by a heartrate of less than 60 beats per minute.
What is sinus bradycardia?
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the cellular level.
What is Internal Respiration?
Dry, creaking, grating, low-pitched sounds, caused when inflamed pleural surfaces rub together during respiration.
What is a pleural friction rub?
Composed of a layer of endothelial cells and a layer of subendocardial connective tissue. This structure lines the interior of the heart, the valves and the larger vessels of the heart.
What is the endocardium?
A measure of the amount of blood that fills each ventricle just before contraction.
What is preload?
The onset of a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute that originates either from the atria or from the AV node.
What is supraventricular tachycardia?
Connects the pharynx with the trachea and is supported by 9 areas of cartilage.
What is the larynx? (Voice Box)
Low-pitched, loud, coarse snoring sounds that may be continuous, caused by air moving through narrowed tracheobronchial passages.
What are sonorous wheezes?
This chamber receives deoxygenated blood from the entire body.
What is the right atrium?
A function of the force the ventricle has to push against to pump the blood into the pulmonary and systemic circulation.
What is afterload?
A heart rhythm that originates from the ventricles itself, most commonly caused by ischemic heart disease.
What is ventricular tachycardia?
A tube-like structure that extends to the mid-chest, where it divides into the right and left bronchi.
What is the trachea? (Windpipe)
Short, interrupted crackling or bubbling sounds, high-pitched, at end of inspiration. Found in diseases affecting bronchioles and alveoli.
What are fine crackles?
This chamber receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium. It pumps oxygenated blood out through the aorta to all parts of the body.
What is the left ventricle?
The force generated by the myocardium.
What is contractility?
Abnormal heart beats that arise from the right or left ventricle and cause ventricular contraction before the next normal sinus impulse.
What are premature ventricular contractions? (PVCs)