Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures
This lab is used to help diagnose a MI
Troponin
I can cause angina, a MI, or cardiac arrest
Coronary artery disease
I am often caused by mitral valve prolapse
Mitral regurgitation
This is the only cause of rheumatic endocarditis
Group A Beta-hemolytic strep
Cough, crackles, DOE, restlessness
Symptoms of left sided heart failure
One of my primary functions is to evaluate cardiac structures
Echocardiograms
When occluded, I am known as the widow-maker
Left anterior descending artery
These disorders are caused by hardening and thickening of the valve leaves
Stenosis
Risk factors for infective endocarditis
Structural malformities, implanted cardiac devices, prosthetic heart valves, IV drug use, immunosuppression
Pink, frothy sputum is an indication of what complication?
This type of heart catheterization can be left in for hemodynamic monitoring
Right heart cath
The difference between stable and unstable angina
CP relieved with nitro and rest-stable
Not relieved-unstable
Pharmacological management of valve disorders may include which classes of medications?
Diuretics, afterload reducing agents (BP), positive inotropic agents (dig), anticoagulants, antiarrhytmics
These diagnostics would be ordered to help diagnose infectious & inflammatory disorders of the heart
Blood cultures, blood count, cardiac enzymes, ESR/CRP, EKG, echo, strep
Also known as cor pulmonale, symptoms may include JVD, dependent edema, ascites, and fatigue
Right sided heart failure
Left heart cath
These are frequently seen clinical manifestations of a MI
CP, left arm pain, SOB, nausea/indigestion, cool pale moist skin, increased HR and RR, anxiety
Initially mitral problems cause disturbances in this cardiac structure and aortic valve problems cause disturbances on this one
Mitral-atrial (hypertrophy and dysrhythmias)
Aortic-ventricular (hypertrophy and dysrhythmias)
Identify a key difference for each cardiac inflammatory/infection
Pericarditis: CP relieved with position change
RE: strep causes it
Myocarditis: cardiomegaly
IE: splinter hemorrhages
Clinical manifestations include hypotension, muffled heart sounds, JVD, and paradoxical pulse
Cardiac tamponade
These are three types of percutaneous coronary interventions
Arthectomy
Stent
Perc. transluminal coronary angioplasty
Identify 5 modifiable risk factors for CAD
Explain the differences between mechanical and biological valves
Mechanical: lasts a lifetime but lifelong INR
Biological: lasts 7-10 years, 3 months anticoagulants
These medications are commonly used in treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the heart
antibiotics, antipyretics, anti-inflammatories, antifungals, antivirals, pain
5 interventions or modifications for heart failure