Heart anatomy
What is the main function of the heart?
To pump blood and supply oxygen and nutrients.
What are the three types of blood vessels?
Arteries, veins, capillaries.
What is systemic circulation?
Pumps oxygenated blood to the body and back.
What are the main components of blood?
Red and white blood cells, platelets, plasma.
What is the hypertension?
High blood pressure.
Name the four chambers of the heart.
Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle.
What is the function of arteries?
Carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart.
What is pulmonary circulation?
Sends blood to lungs for oxygen and back to the heart.
What role do red blood cells play?
Carry oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Name two risks factors for heart disease.
Smoking and high cholesterol.
What is the role of the septum?
Separates heart sides to prevent blood mixing.
How do veins differ from arteries?
Veins return blood to the heart and have valves.
Describe the flow of blood trough the heart.
Body → right atrium → right ventricle → lungs → left atrium → left ventricle → body.
What is the function of platelets?
Help blood clot.
How can diet affect cardiovascular health?
Lowers cholesterol and blood pressure.
What is the function of the valves?
Ensures one-way blood flow.
What is the significance of capillaries?
Exchange oxygen, nutrients, and waste.
What is the role of the coronary arteries?
Supplies oxygen and nutrients to the heart.
How does plasma contribute to blood function?
Transports nutrients and maintains pressure.
What is the importance of regular exercise for the heart?
Strengthens heart and circulation.
Describe the structure of the myocardium.
Thick muscular layer for contraction and pumping.
Why are some veins equipped with valves?
Prevent blood backflow in veins.
Explain the concept of double circulation?
Separate pathways for systemic and pulmonary circulation.
What are white blood cells responsible for?
Defend against infections.
Describe the impact of smoking on the cardiovascular system.
Damages vessels and raises heart disease risk.