Etiology & Pathophysiology
Impaired ability of the heart to generate sufficient cardiac output to meet the metabolic demands of the body?
What is heart failure?
ECG shows regular R to R intervals with flutter waves.
What is atrial fibrillation?
Important to rule out when diagnosing chronic venous insufficiency.
What is secondary infection?
If worried that a patient has carotid artery disease, what diagnostic test would you perform?
What is carotid doppler?
The LDL goal for a patient with coronary artery disease.
What is < 70 ?
Chamber enlargement with dilation of left ventricle.
What is dilated cardiomyopathy?
Mumur that increases with valsalva maneuver?
What is HOCM?
Differentials for patient presenting with ischemic chest pain symptoms?
What is CAD, aortic stenosis, or coronary artery dissection?
Confirmatory test for patient with unilateral temporal headache and tenderness over temporal artery?
What is temporal artery biopsy?
Pericarditis treatment
What is colchicene + NSAIDS?
Infection, toxins, autoimmune disease and drug reactions can cause inflammation of the heart muscle.
What is myocarditis?
Mother reports her 4 yo son gets winded easily. On PE, skinny LEs, continuous systolic murmur heard best at LUSB. UE has greater pulses and BP than LE.
What is coarctation of the aorta?
Cardiac abnormalities that cause ST segment elevation (3).
STEMI, prinzmetal angina, pericarditis
What is an echo?
Treatment of choice for 64 yo male with CM EF 30% presents in clinic with palpitations. VSS. PE reveals warm/dry presentation with irregular heart beat. EKG shows afib with rate of 98 bpm.
What is DOACTx?
systemic inflammation in medium and large vessels.
What is giant cell arteritis?
The mnemonic for the major criteria of rheumatic fever.
Scoring system allows you to differentiate different congestive heart failure classification
What is ACC/AHA and NYHA classification?
A patient with minimal coronary risk factors presents to the ED with chest pain while walking. His symptoms lasted for 5 minutes and resolved with rest. He is currently pain free, stable VS and unremarkable EKG. What test is recommended at this time?
What is a stress test?
A patient with multiple coronary risk factors presents to the ED with report of chest pain this morning while walking that lasted 5 minutes and resolved with rest. He is currently pain free with stable VS and an unremarkable ECG. What is the best action at this time?
Administer aspirin
What is takotsubo cardiomyopathy?
Most likely diagnosis for 55 yo with acute chest pain, "tearing" sensation. New blowing murmur with diminished peripheral pulses. CXR shows widened mediastinum.
What is aortic dissection?
Different onset/durations of chest pain?
sudden, gradual, intermittent, varies, lasts minutes
You would see electrical alternans on the EKG
What is cardiac tamponade?
Patient presents to ER with chest pain and active ST elevation. What is the most appropriate action at this time?
transfer to cardiac cath lab